Disastrous Burdens: Hurricane Katrina, Federal Housing Assistance, and Well-Being

REFERENCES

1. ↵
   1. Abramson, David M.,
   2. Tasha Stehling-Ariza,
   3. Yoon Soo Park,
   4. Lauren Walsh, and
   5. Derrin Culp

   . 2010. “Measuring Individual Disaster Recovery: A Socioecological Framework.” Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4(Suppl 1): S46–54.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
2. ↵
   1. Baekgaard, Martin,
   2. Donald P. Moynihan, and
   3. Mette Kjærgaard Thomsen

   . 2021. “Why Do Policymakers Support Administrative Burdens? The Roles of Deservingness, Political Ideology, and Personal Experience.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 31(1): 184–200.

   OpenUrl
3. ↵
   1. Bouek, Jennifer W

   . 2023. “The Wait List as Redistributive Policy: Access and Burdens in the Subsidized Childcare System.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 9(5): 76–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2023.9.5.04.

   OpenUrl
4. ↵
   1. Brinkley, Douglas

   . 2006. The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast. New York: William Morrow.
5. ↵
   1. Christensen, Julian,
   2. Lene Aarøe,
   3. Martin Baekgaard,
   4. Pamela Herd, and
   5. Donald P. Moynihan

   . 2020. “Human Capital and Administrative Burden: The Role of Cognitive Resources in Citizen-State Interactions.” Public Administration Review 80(1): 127–36.

   OpenUrl
6. ↵
   1. Cutrona, Carolyn, and
   2. Daniel W. Russell

   . 1987. “The Provisions of Social Relationships and Adaptation to Stress.” In Advances in Personal Relationships vol. 1, edited by Warren H. Jones and Daniel Perlman. New York: JAI Press.
7. ↵
   1. Deterding, Nicole M., and
   2. Mary C. Waters

   . 2021. “Flexible Coding of In-Depth Interviews: A Twenty-First-Century Approach.” Sociological Methods & Research 50(2): 708–39.

   OpenUrl
8. ↵
   1. Domingue, Simone J., and
   2. Christopher T. Emrich

   . 2019. “Social Vulnerability and Procedural Equity: Exploring the Distribution of Disaster Aid Across Counties in the United States.” American Review of Public Administration 49(8): 897–913.

   OpenUrl
9. ↵
   1. Donner, William, and
   2. Havidán Rodríguez

   . 2008. “Population Composition, Migration and Inequality: The Influence of Demographic Changes on Disaster Risk and Vulnerability.” Social Forces 87(2): 1089–114.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
10. ↵
    1. Dreier, Hannah

    . 2021. “FEMA Changes Policy That Kept Thousands of Black Families from Receiving Disaster Aid.” Washington Post, September 2.
11. ↵
    1. Elliott, James R., and
    2. Jeremy Pais

    . 2006. “Race, Class, and Hurricane Katrina: Social Differences in Human Responses to Disaster.” Social Science Research 35(2): 295–321.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
12. ↵
    1. Federal Emergency Management Authority (FEMA)

    . 2005. Help After a Disaster: Applicant’s Guide to the Individuals and Households Program. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Authority.
13. ↵
    1. Federal Emergency Management Authority (FEMA)

    . 2019. “Letter and CD-ROM in Response to Freedom of Information Act Request 2017 FOIA-FEFO-00841.” September 19. Sent to the first author.
14. ↵
    1. Fothergill, Alice, and
    2. Lori A. Peek

    . 2004. “Poverty and Disasters in the United States: A Review of Recent Sociological Findings.” Natural Hazards 32(1): 89–110.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
15. ↵
    1. García, Ivis

    . 2021. “Deemed Ineligible: Reasons Homeowners in Puerto Rico Were Denied Aid After Hurricane María.” Housing Policy Debate. First published online: April 13, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2021.1890633.
16. ↵
    1. Grube, Laura E.,
    2. Rosemarie Fike, and
    3. Virgil Henry Storr

    . 2018. “Navigating Disaster: An Empirical Study of Federal Assistance Following Hurricane Sandy.” Eastern Economic Journal 44(4): 576–93.

    OpenUrl
17. ↵
    1. Heflin, Colleen M.,
    2. Andrew S. London, and
    3. Peter R. Mueser

    . 2013. “Clients’ Perspectives on a Technology-Based Food Assistance Application System.” American Review of Public Administration 43(6): 656–73.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
18. ↵
    1. Herd, Pamela, and
    2. Donald P. Moynihan

    . 2018. Administrative Burden: Policymaking by Other Means. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
19. ↵
    1. Herd, Pamela,
    2. Hilary Hoynes,
    3. Jamila Michener, and
    4. Donald Moynihan

    . 2023. “Introduction: Administrative Burden as a Mechanism of Inequality in Policy Implementation.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 9(5): 1–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2023.9.5.01.

    OpenUrl
20. ↵
    1. Howell, Junia, and
    2. James R. Elliott

    . 2019. “Damages Done: The Longitudinal Impacts of Natural Hazards on Wealth Inequality in the United States.” Social Problems 66(3): 448–67.

    OpenUrl
21. ↵
    1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

    , ed. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
22. ↵
    1. Kamel, Nabil

    . 2012. “Social Marginalisation, Federal Assistance and Repopulation Patterns in the New Orleans Metropolitan Area Following Hurricane Katrina.” Urban Studies 49(14): 3211–31.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
23. ↵
    1. Kousky, Carolyn

    . 2013. “Facts About FEMA Household Disaster Aid: Examining the 2008 Floods and Tornadoes in Missouri.” Weather, Climate, and Society 5(4): 332–44.

    OpenUrl
24. ↵
    1. Ma, Chenyi, and
    2. Tony Smith

    . 2020. “Vulnerability of Renters and Low-Income Households to Storm Damage: Evidence from Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico.” American Journal of Public Health 110(2): 196–202.

    OpenUrl
25. ↵
    1. Muñoz, Cristina, and
    2. Eric Tate

    . 2016. “Unequal Recovery? Federal Resource Distribution After a Midwest Flood Disaster.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13(5): 507.

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. National Low Income Housing Coalition (NLIHC)

    . 2018. “Senators Introduce Bill to Activate Disaster Housing Assistance Program.” Washington, D.C.: National Low Income Housing Coalition. Accessed December 26, 2022. https://nlihc.org/resource/senators-introduce-bill-activate-disaster-housing-assistance-program.
27. ↵
    1. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

    . 2013. “National Coastal Population Report: Population Trends from 1970 to 2020.” Washington: U.S. Census Bureau and NOAA. Accessed December 26, 2022. https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/training/population-report.html.
28. ↵
    1. Picou, J. Steven, and
    2. Brent K. Marshall

    . 2007. “Katrina as Paradigm Shift: Reflections on Disaster Research in the Twenty-First Century.” In The Sociology of Katrina: Perspectives on a Modern Catastrophe, edited by David L. Brunsma, David Overfelt, and J. Steven Picou. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.
29. ↵
    1. Pierce, Stephanie Casey, and
    2. Stephanie Moulton

    . 2023. “The Effects of Administrative Burden on Program Equity and Performance: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in a Foreclosure Prevention Program.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 9(5): 146–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2023.9.5.07.

    OpenUrl
30. ↵
    1. Prochaska, Judith J.,
    2. Hai-Yen Sung,
    3. Wendy Max,
    4. Yanling Shi, and
    5. Michael Ong

    . 2012. “Validity Study of the K6 Scale as a Measure of Moderate Mental Distress Based on Mental Health Treatment Need and Utilization.” International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 21(2): 88–97.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
31. ↵
    1. Raker, Ethan J

    . 2020. “Natural Hazards, Disasters, and Demographic Change: The Case of Severe Tornadoes in the United States, 1980–2010.” Demography 57(2): 653–74.

    OpenUrl
32. ↵
    1. Raker, Ethan J.,
    2. Mariana C. Arcaya,
    3. Sarah R. Lowe,
    4. Meghan Zacher,
    5. Jean Rhodes, and
    6. Mary C. Waters

    . 2020. “Mitigating Health Disparities After Natural Disasters: Lessons from the RISK Project: Study Examines Mitigating Health Disparities After Natural Disasters.” Health Affairs 39(12): 2128–35.

    OpenUrl
33. ↵
    1. Reese, Shawn

    . 2018. “FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: In Brief.” CRS report no. 7-5700. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service.
34. ↵
    1. Reid, Megan

    . 2013. “Social Policy, ‘Deservingness,’ and Sociotemporal Marginalization: Katrina Survivors and FEMA.” Sociological Forum 28(4): 742–63.

    OpenUrl
35. ↵
    1. Sengupta, Rohini, and
    2. Carolyn Kousky

    . 2020. Parametric Insurance for Disasters. Philadelphia, Pa.: Wharton Risk Center.
36. ↵
    1. Smith, Adam B

    . 2020. “US Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters, 1980–Present (NCEI Accession 0209268).” NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Accessed December 26, 2022. https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/u-s-billion-dollar-weather-and-climate-disasters-1980-present-ncei-accession-02092681.
37. ↵
    1. Sobel, Adam H.,
    2. Suzana J. Camargo,
    3. Timothy M. Hall,
    4. Chia-Ying Lee,
    5. Michael K. Tippett, and
    6. Allison A. Wing

    . 2016. “Human Influence on Tropical Cyclone Intensity.” Science 353(6296): 242–46.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
38. ↵
    1. Texas Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

    . 2021. “Government Response to Hurricane Disasters.” Washington: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Accessed December 26, 2022. https://www.usccr.gov/files/2021/05-19-TX-SAC-Government-Response-to-Hurricane-Disasters-in-Texas.pdf.
39. ↵
    1. Tierney, Kathleen

    . 2019. Disasters: A Sociological Approach. Cambridge: Polity Press.
40. ↵
    1. U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO)

    . 2006. “Unprecedented Challenges Exposed the Individuals and Households Program to Fraud and Abuse; Actions Needed to Reduce Such Problems in Future.” GAO-06-1013. Washington: Government Accountability Office.
41. ↵
    1. U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO)

    . 2014. “Hurricane Sandy: FEMA Has Improved Disaster Aid Verification but Could Act to Further Limit Improper Assistance.” GAO-15-15. Washington: Government Accountability Office.
42. ↵
    1. Waters, Mary C

    . 2016. “Life After Hurricane Katrina: The Resilience in Survivors of Katrina (RISK) Project.” Sociological Forum 31(S1): 750–69.

    OpenUrl
43. ↵
    1. Young, Abe Louise

    . 2017. “Displaced by the Storm: Texas Evacuees Without Options.” Texas Monthly, October 9. https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/displaced-by-the-storm-texas-evacuees-without-options/.
44. ↵
    1. Zimmerman, Elizabeth

    . 2011. “Written Statement: Preventing Improperly Paid Federal Assistance in the Aftermath of Disasters.” Testimony before the U.S. Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Disaster Recovery and Intergovernmental Affairs. 112th Congress, 1st session, March 11, 2011. Accessed December 26, 2022. https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/LandrieuOpeningStatementDRIA31711.pdf.