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Research ArticleII. Limitations and Proposals for Change
Open Access

The Quest for a Targeted and Effective Title I ESEA: Challenges in Designing and Implementing Fiscal Compliance Rules

Nora Gordon, Sarah Reber
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences December 2015, 1 (3) 129-147; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2015.1.3.07
Nora Gordon
aAssociate professor of public policy at Georgetown University and research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research
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Sarah Reber
bassociate professor of public policy at the University of California, Los Angeles, and research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research
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  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
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REFERENCES

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    Chambers, Jay G., Irene Lam, Kanya Mahitivanichcha, Phil Esra, Larisa Shambaugh, and Stephanie Stullich. 2009. “State and Local Implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act. Volume VI—Targeting and Uses of Federal Education Funds.” In National Longitudinal Study of No Child Left Behind and Study of State Implementation of Accountability and Teacher Quality Under No Child Left Behind. Washington: Education Publications Center for U.S. Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development, Policy and Program Studies Service.
    1. Chingos, Matthew M
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    Cohen, David K., and Susan L. Moffitt. 2009. The Ordeal of Equality: Did Federal Regulation Fix the Schools? Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
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  5. Duncan, Greg J., and Richard J. Murnane. 2014. Restoring Opportunity: The Crisis of Inequality and the Challenge for American Education. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Education Press.
  6. Executive Office of the President. 2014. OMB Circular A-133 Compliance Supplement: 2014, vol. 1, part 4. Washington: Office of Management and Budget.
    1. Gordon, Nora
    . 2004. “Do Federal Grants Boost School Spending? Evidence from Title I.” Journal of Public Economics 88(9–10): 1771–92.
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    Hanna, Robert. 2014. “Seeing Beyond Silos: How State Education Agencies Spend Federal Education Dollars and Why.” Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress and The Broad Foundation - Education. Available at: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education/report/2014/06/13/91216/seeing-beyond-silos (accessed July 29, 2015).
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    Heuer, Ruth, and Stephanie Stullich. 2011. “Comparability of State and Local Expenditures Among Schools Within Districts: A Report from the Study of School-Level Expenditures.” RTI International and U.S. Department of Education. Washington: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development, Policy and Program Studies Service.
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    Hill, Carolyn J., and Laurence E. Lynn Jr. 2015. Public Management: Thinking and Acting in Three Dimensions, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage/CQ Press.
  10. Honig, Meredith I., ed. 2006. New Directions in Education Policy Implementation: Confronting Complexity. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  11. Jennings, Jack. 2015. Presidents, Congress, and the Public Schools: The Politics of Education Reform. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Education Press.
  12. Junge, Melissa, and Sheara Krvaric. 2011. “The Compliance Culture in Education.” Education Week, October 24. Available at: http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/rick_hess_straight_up/2011/10/the_compliance_culture_in_education.html (accessed January 17, 2015).
  13. Junge, Melissa, and Sheara Krvaric. 2012. “How the Supplement-Not-Supplant Requirement Can Work Against the Policy Goals of Title I: A Case for Using Title I, Part A, Education Funds More Effectively and Efficiently.” Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress and American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.
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    Keaton, Patrick. 2012. “Numbers and Types of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools from the Common Core of Data: School Year 2010–11.” Washington: National Center for Education Statistics. Available at: https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2012/2012325rev.pdf (accessed January 17, 2015).
  15. Kirst, Michael W. 1988. “The Federal Role and Chapter 1: Rethinking Some Basic Assumptions.” In Federal Aid to the Disadvantaged: What Future for Chapter 1?, edited by Denis P. Doyle and Bruce S. Cooper. Philadelphia, Pa.: The Falmer Press.
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    Martin, Ruby, and Phyllis McClure. 1969. “Title I of ESEA: Is It Helping Poor Children?” Washington, D.C.: Washington Research Project and National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Legal Defense and Educational Fund.
    1. Matsudaira, Jordan D.,
    2. Adrienne Hosek, , and
    3. Elias Walsh
    . 2012. “An Integrated Assessment of the Effects of Title I on School Behavior, Resources, and Student Achievement.” Economics of Education Review 31(3): 1–14.
    OpenUrl
  17. Murphy, Patrick. 2014. “Help Wanted Flexibility for Innovative State Education Agencies.” Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress and The Broad Foundation - Education.
  18. President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency. 2007. “Report on National Single Audit Sampling Project.” Washington: President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency Audit Committee. Available at: https://www.ignet.gov/sites/default/files/files/NatSamProjRptFINAL2.pdf (accessed July 29, 2015).
  19. Puma, Michael J., Calvin C. Jones, Donald Rock, Roberto Fernandez, Edward C. Bryant, Judith Pollack, James McPartland, and Abt Associates. 1993. Prospects: the Congressionally Mandated Study of Educational Growth and Opportunity: The Interim Report. Washington: U.S. Department of Education Planning and Evaluation Service.
  20. Roza, Marguerite. 2008. “What If We Closed the Title I Comparability Loophole?” In Ensuring Equal Opportunity in Public Education: How Local School District Funding Practices Hurt Disadvantaged Students and What Federal Policy Can Do About It. Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress.
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    Smith, Marshall. 1986. “Selecting Students and Services for Chapter 1.” In Designs for Compensatory Education: Conference Proceedings and Papers, edited by Barbara I. Williams, Peggy A. Richmond, and Beverly J. Mason. Chapel Hill, N.C.: Research and Evaluation Associates.
  23. Spillane, James P. 2004. Standards Deviation: How Schools Misunderstand Education Policy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  24. Stanton, Larry and Alison Segal. 2013. “The Bold and the Bureaucrat: The Top Ten State Education Agency Levers for School Turnaround.” Washington, D.C., and Boston, Mass.: Federal Education Group for Mass Insight Education and State Development Network for School Turnaround.
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    . 1981. “Promises and Prospects of Education Program Consolidation at the Federal Level.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 3(3): 21–32.
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  26. U.S. Department of Education. 2006. “Designing Schoolwide Programs Non-Regulatory Guidance.” Washington: U.S. Department of Education.
  27. ↵
    U.S. Department of Education. 2008. “Non-Regulatory Guidance. Title I Fiscal Issues: Maintenance of Effort; Comparability; Supplement not Supplant; Carryover; Consolidating Funds in Schoolwide Programs; Grantback Requirements.” Washington: U.S. Department of Education.
  28. U.S. Department of Education. 2015. “Supporting School Reform by Leveraging Federal Funds in a Schoolwide Program.” Enclosed in a “Dear Colleague” letter from the office of the assistant secretary. Available at: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/eseatitleiswguidance.pdf (accessed September 10, 2015).
  29. U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2003. “Report to Congressional Requestors: Disadvantaged Students: Fiscal Oversight of Title I Could Be Improved.” Washington: Government Printing Office.
    1. Van der Klaauw, Wilbert
    . 2008. “Breaking the Link Between Poverty and Low Student Achievement: An Evaluation of Title I.” Journal of Econometrics 142(2): 731–56.
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  30. ↵
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    2. Stephen J. Meyer
    . 1998. “Title I Schoolwide Programs: A Synthesis of Findings from Recent Evaluation.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 20(2): 115–36.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
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RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 1 (3)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 1, Issue 3
1 Dec 2015
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The Quest for a Targeted and Effective Title I ESEA: Challenges in Designing and Implementing Fiscal Compliance Rules
Nora Gordon, Sarah Reber
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Dec 2015, 1 (3) 129-147; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2015.1.3.07

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The Quest for a Targeted and Effective Title I ESEA: Challenges in Designing and Implementing Fiscal Compliance Rules
Nora Gordon, Sarah Reber
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Dec 2015, 1 (3) 129-147; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2015.1.3.07
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • METHODS AND SOURCES
    • SCHOOLWIDE PROGRAMS IN TITLE I: HOW ARE THEIR RULES DIFFERENT?
    • WHAT DISTRICTS DO WITH THEIR TITLE I FUNDS AND WHY
    • CONCLUSIONS: FISCAL RULES AND EFFECTIVE SPENDING GOING FORWARD
    • APPENDIX A
    • APPENDIX B
    • APPENDIX C
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
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More in this TOC Section

  • The Shift from Adequacy to Equity in Federal Education Policymaking: A Proposal for How ESEA Could Reshape the State Role in Education Finance
  • Getting to Sesame Street? Fifty Years of Federal Compensatory Education
Show more II. Limitations and Proposals for Change

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Keywords

  • Title I
  • intergovernmental grants
  • federal education aid
  • fiscal rules

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