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Research Article
Open Access

The Opt-Out Continuation: Education, Work, and Motherhood from 1984 to 2012

Tanya Byker
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences August 2016, 2 (4) 34-70; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2016.2.4.02
Tanya Byker
aAssistant professor of economics at Middlebury College
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REFERENCES

  1. ↵
    1. Antecol, Heather
    . 2011. “The Opt-Out Revolution: Recent Trends in Female Labor Supply.” Research in Labor Economics 33(1): 45–83.
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    1. Blau, Francine D., and
    2. Lawrence M. Kahn
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    Blau, Francine D., and Lawrence M. Kahn. 2004. “The US Gender Pay Gap in the 1990s: Slowing Convergence.” NBER working paper no. 10853. Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research.
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    Boushey, Heather. 2005. “Are Women Opting Out? Debunking the Myth.” Briefing Paper no. 2005-111-2. Washington, D.C.: Center for Economic and Policy Research. Accessed April 4, 2016. http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/opt_out_2005_11_2.pdf.
    1. Buchmann, Claudia, and
    2. Anne McDaniel
    . 2016. “Motherhood and the Wages of Women in Professional Occupations.” RSF: The Russell Sage Journal of the Social Sciences 2(4). doi: 10.7758/RSF.2016.2.4.05.
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    1. Byker, Tanya
    . 2016. “Paid Parental Leave Laws in the United States: Does Short-Duration Leave Affect Women's Labor-Force Attachment?” American Economic Review 106(5): 242–46.
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    1. Goldin, Claudia
    . 2006. “The Quiet Revolution that Transformed Women's Employment, Education and Family.” American Economic Review 96(2): 1–21.
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    1. Goldin, Claudia
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    1. Goldin, Claudia,
    2. Lawrence F. Katz, , and
    3. Ilyana Kuziemko
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    1. Herr, Jane Leber, and
    2. Catherine Wolfram
    . 2012. “Opt-Out Rates at Motherhood Across High-Education Career Paths.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 65(4): 928–50.
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    1. Hotchkiss, Julie, and
    2. M. Melinda Pitts
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    1. Jacobson, Louis S.,
    2. Robert LaLonde, , and
    3. Daniel G. Sullivan
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  14. King, Miriam, Steven Ruggles, J. Trent Alexander, Sarah Flood, Katie Genadek, Matthew B. Schroeder, Brandon Trampe, and Rebecca Vick. 2010. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, Current Population Survey: Version 3.0. [Machine-readable database]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
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    1. Mincer, Jacob, and
    2. Solomon Polachek
    . 1974. “Family Investments in Human Capital: Earnings of Women.” Journal of Political Economy 82(2): S76–S108.
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    1. Pal, Ipshita, and
    2. Jane Waldfogel
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    1. Percheski, Christine
    . 2008. “Opting Out? Cohort Differences in Professional Women's Employment Rates from 1960 to 2005.” American Sociological Review 73(3): 497–517.
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  17. Ruggles, Steven J., Trent Alexander, Katie Genadek, Ronald Goeken, Matthew B. Schroeder, and Matthew Sobek. 2010. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 5.0 [Machine-readable database]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
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    . 2001. “Family Medical Leave: Evidence from the 2000 Surveys.” Monthly Labor Review 124(9): 17–23.
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    Wang, Wendy, Kim Parker, and Paul Taylor. 2013. “Breadwinner Moms.” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center.
    1. Weeden, Kim A.,
    2. Youngjoo Cha, , and
    3. Mauricio Bucca
    . 2016. “Long Work Hours, Part-Time Work, and Trends in the Gender Gap in Pay, the Motherhood Wage Penalty, and the Fatherhood Wage Premium.” RSF: The Russell Sage Journal of the Social Sciences 2(4). doi: 10.7758/RSF.2016.2.4.03.
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RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 2 (4)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 2, Issue 4
1 Aug 2016
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The Opt-Out Continuation: Education, Work, and Motherhood from 1984 to 2012
Tanya Byker
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Aug 2016, 2 (4) 34-70; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2016.2.4.02

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The Opt-Out Continuation: Education, Work, and Motherhood from 1984 to 2012
Tanya Byker
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Aug 2016, 2 (4) 34-70; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2016.2.4.02
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • A DYNAMIC MEASURE ADDRESSES OPEN QUESTIONS ABOUT OPTING OUT
    • EVENT STUDY METHODOLOGY TO MEASURE OPTING OUT IN LONGITUDINAL DATA, 1984–2012
    • RESULTS: THE OPT-OUT CONTINUATION
    • CONCLUSION
    • Acknowledgments
    • APPENDIX
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
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Keywords

  • opting out
  • maternal labor supply
  • labor-force participation
  • gender gap

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