Gender Minority Status and Family Inequality in the United States

Christopher S. Carpenter; Maxine J. Lee; Laura Nettuno

doi:10.7758/RSF.2025.11.2.04

Article Information

vol. 11 no. 2 65-85

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2025.11.2.04

Published By

RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Print ISSN

2377-8253

Online ISSN

2377-8261

History

Published online January 1, 2025.

© 2025 Russell Sage Foundation. Carpenter, Christopher S., Maxine J. Lee, and Laura Nettuno. 2025. “Gender Minority Status and Family Inequality in the United States.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 11(2): 65–85. https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2025.11.2.04. We thank seminar participants at Ohio State, the Russell Sage Foundation conference “U.S. Census 2020: Continuity and Change,” San Francisco State University, and Vanderbilt University for helpful comments. All errors are our own. Direct correspondence to: Christopher S. Carpenter, at christopher.s.carpenter@vanderbilt.edu, Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University, VU Station, Box 351819, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, United States. Maxine J. Lee, at mclee@sfsu.edu, Department of Economics, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue HSS 142, San Francisco, CA, 94132, United States. Laura Nettuno, at laura.e.nettuno@vanderbilt.edu, Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University, VU Station, Box 351819, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, United States. Open Access Policy: RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences is an open access journal. This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Author Information

Christopher S. Carpenter^a,
Maxine J. Lee^b and
Laura Nettuno^c

^aE. Bronson Ingram University Distinguished Professor of Economics at Vanderbilt University and research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, United States
^bAssistant professor of economics at San Francisco State University, United States
^cPhD student in economics at Vanderbilt University, United States

Correspondence authors:
Christopher S. Carpenter, (christopher.s.carpenter{at}vanderbilt.edu), Maxine J. Lee, (mclee{at}sfsu.edu), Laura Nettuno, (laura.e.nettuno{at}vanderbilt.edu)

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