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Research Article
Open Access

Living with Children and Economic Disadvantage Among Seniors

Lucie Schmidt, Lara Shore-Sheppard, Tara Watson
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences January 2025, 11 (2) 46-64; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2025.11.2.03
Lucie Schmidt
aRobert A. Woods Professor of Economics at Smith College, United States
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Lara Shore-Sheppard
bKimberly ’96 and Robert ’62 Henry Professor of Economics and dean of the faculty at Williams College, United States
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Tara Watson
cDirector of the Center for Economic Security and Opportunity at the Brookings Institution, United States
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    Figure 1.

    Living Arrangements Among Seniors Over Time

    Source: Authors’ calculations based on US. Census Bureau 2003, 2006–2020.

    Note: Sample is adults aged sixty-five to ninety residing in households and not in group quarters. Definitions of living arrangements described in the text.

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    Figure 2.

    Living Arrangements by Race-Ethnicity

    Source: Authors’ calculations based on U.S. Census Bureau 2003, 2006–2020.

    Note: Sample is adults aged sixty-five to ninety residing in households and not in group quarters observed in 2000 Census and 2005–2019 American Community Surveys. Other race-ethnicity defined to include those reporting more than one race. Definitions of living arrangements described in the text.

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    Figure 3.

    Living Arrangements by Foreign-Born Status

    Source: Authors’ calculations based on U.S. Census Bureau 2003, 2006–2020.

    Note: Sample is adults aged sixty-five to ninety residing in households and not in group quarters observed in 2000 Census and 2005–2019 American Community Surveys. Other race-ethnicity defined to include those reporting more than one race. Definitions of living arrangements described in the text.

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    Figure 4.

    Living Arrangements by Gender and Marital Status

    Source: Authors’ calculations based on U.S. Census Bureau 2003, 2006–2020.

    Note: Sample is adults aged sixty-five to ninety residing in households and not in group quarters observed in 2000 Census and 2005–2019 American Community Surveys. Other race-ethnicity defined to include those reporting more than one race. Definitions of living arrangements described in the text.

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    Figure 5.

    Living Arrangements by Education

    Source: Authors’ calculations based on U.S. Census Bureau 2003, 2006–2020.

    Note: Sample is adults aged sixty-five to ninety residing in households and not in group quarters observed in 2000 Census and 2005–2019 American Community Surveys. Other race-ethnicity defined to include those reporting more than one race. Definitions of living arrangements described in the text.

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    Figure 6.

    Living Arrangements by Predicted Income Rank

    Source: Authors’ calculations based on U.S. Census Bureau 2003, 2006–2020.

    Note: Sample is adults aged sixty-five to ninety residing in households and not in group quarters observed in 2000 Census and 2005–2019 American Community Surveys. Predicted income rank is based on an out-of-sample analysis of average incomes for fifty- to sixty-one-year-olds on the basis of state and race, ethnicity, gender, marital status, education demographic cell. Definitions of living arrangements described in the text.

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    Figure 7.

    Poverty Rates by Living Arrangement for Predicted Income Rank Groups

    Source: Authors’ calculations based on U.S. Census Bureau 2003, 2006–2020.

    Note: Sample is adults aged sixty-five to ninety residing in households and not in group quarters observed in 2000 Census and 2005-2019 American Community Surveys. Predicted income rank is based on an out-of-sample analysis of average incomes for fifty- to sixty-one-year-olds on the basis of state and race, ethnicity, gender, marital status, education demographic cell. Definitions of living arrangements described in the text.

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RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 11 (2)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 11, Issue 2
1 Jan 2025
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Living with Children and Economic Disadvantage Among Seniors
Lucie Schmidt, Lara Shore-Sheppard, Tara Watson
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Jan 2025, 11 (2) 46-64; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2025.11.2.03

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Living with Children and Economic Disadvantage Among Seniors
Lucie Schmidt, Lara Shore-Sheppard, Tara Watson
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Jan 2025, 11 (2) 46-64; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2025.11.2.03
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • DATA
    • CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS IN SENIORS LIVING WITH CHILDREN
    • PREDICTING ECONOMIC RESOURCES AT OLDER AGES
    • LIVING WITH CHILDREN AND POVERTY
    • CONCLUSION
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
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Keywords

  • living arrangements
  • multigeneration
  • skip-generation
  • seniors
  • poverty

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