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Research Article
Open Access

How Census Undercount Became a Civil Rights Issue and Why It Is Increasingly Important

Lisa Neidert, Reynolds Farley, Jeffrey Morenoff
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences January 2025, 11 (1) 26-43; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2025.11.1.02
Lisa Neidert
aAffiliated with the Department of Sociology at the University of Michigan, United States
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Reynolds Farley
bThe Otis Dudley Duncan Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan and is affiliated with the Population Studies Center and the Gerald Ford School of Policy, United States
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Jeffrey Morenoff
cThe associate dean for research and policy experiments and professor of public policy at the Gerald R. Ford School of Policy at the University of Michigan, United States
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    Figure 1.

    States with Statistically Significant Over- or Undercounts of Household Population in Census 2020 as Determined by Post-Enumeration Survey

    Source: Authors’ tabulation based on data from Hill et al. 2022.

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    Figure 2.

    Federal Programs that Dispersed $18 Billion or More to State and Local Governments in Fiscal 2021 that Used Census Data to Allocate Funds

    Source: Authors’ tabulation based on Ross 2023.

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RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 11 (1)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 11, Issue 1
1 Jan 2025
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How Census Undercount Became a Civil Rights Issue and Why It Is Increasingly Important
Lisa Neidert, Reynolds Farley, Jeffrey Morenoff
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Jan 2025, 11 (1) 26-43; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2025.11.1.02

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How Census Undercount Became a Civil Rights Issue and Why It Is Increasingly Important
Lisa Neidert, Reynolds Farley, Jeffrey Morenoff
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Jan 2025, 11 (1) 26-43; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2025.11.1.02
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • CENSUS UNDERCOUNT
    • CENSUS UNDERCOUNT: DEMOGRAPHERS TO THE RESCUE
    • UNDERCOUNT: WHY IT DIDN’T MATTER
    • LITIGATION OF UNDERCOUNT
    • MORE LITIGATION: REENGINEERING THE CENSUS
    • THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT STILL HAS A LEG TO STAND ON
    • THE 2020 CENSUS
    • THE CENSUS: COUNTING FOR DOLLARS
    • DETROIT CHALLENGES THE CENSUS ONCE AGAIN: CENSUS 2020
    • CONCLUSION
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
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Keywords

  • decennial census
  • undercount
  • civil rights
  • federal revenue sharing funds
  • Detroit

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