Economic Inequality and the Geography of Activity Space Segregation: Combining Mobile Device Data and Census Data

Maps of MSA-Level Relative Isolation Measures

Source: Authors’ tabulation based on the American Community Survey (Ruggles et al. 2024).

Note: SafeGraph mobility data matched to census block groups (CBG) in the 2015–2019 American Community Survey. The optimal way to view figure 2 is in color. We refer readers of the print edition of this article to https://www.rsfjournal.org/content/11/1/132 to view the color version.

Comparing MSA-Level Distance- and Mobility-Based Exposure Measures at the MSA Level

Source: Author’s tabulation based on the American Community Survey (Ruggles et al. 2024).

Note: SafeGraph mobility data matched to Census block groups (CBG) in the 2015–2019 American Community Survey. The dots represent metropolitan areas.

Coefficients from Regression Models Predicting Relative Isolation of Q1 and Q4 Income Groups

Source: Authors’ tabulations based on the American Community Survey (Ruggles et al. 2024).

Note: SafeGraph mobility data matched to census block groups (CBG) in the 2015–2019 American Community Survey. The error bars show 95 percent confidence intervals. All regression models are weighted by MSA population size. The full regression results are reported in the online supplement.

Coefficients from Regression Models Predicting Relative Isolation of Blacks and Whites

Source: Authors’ tabulation based on the American Community Survey (Ruggles et al. 2024).

Note: SafeGraph mobility data matched to census block groups (CBG) in the 2015–2019 American Community Survey. The error bars show 95 percent confidence intervals. All regression models are weighted by MSA population size. The full regression results are reported in the online supplement.

Comparing Effects of Income Inequality on Distance- and Mobility-Based Measures of Group Isolation

Source: Authors’ tabulation based on the American Community Survey (Ruggles et al. 2024).

Note: SafeGraph mobility data matched to census block groups (CBG) in the 2015–2019 American Community Survey. The error bars show 95 percent confidence intervals. All regression models are weighted by MSA population size. The full regression results are reported in the online supplement.