Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF & How to Propose an Issue
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Article Submission Checklist
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Publications
    • rsf

User menu

  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
  • Publications
    • rsf
  • Log in
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Advanced Search

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF & How to Propose an Issue
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Article Submission Checklist
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Follow rsf on Twitter
  • Visit rsf on Facebook
  • Follow rsf on Google Plus
Research Article
Open Access

Legacies of Segregation and Disenfranchisement: The Road from Plessy to Frank and Voter ID Laws in the United States

Paru Shah, Robert S. Smith
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences February 2021, 7 (1) 134-146; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2021.7.1.08
Paru Shah
aAssociate professor of political science in the College of Letters and Science at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Robert S. Smith
bHarry G. John Professor of History and director of the Center for Urban Research, Teaching and Outreach at Marquette University, United States
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

REFERENCES

  1. ↵
    1. Agraharkar, Vishal,
    2. Wendy Weiser, and
    3. Adam Skaggs
    , 2011. “The Cost of Voter ID Laws: What the Courts Say.” New York: Brennan Center for Justice. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/Report_Cost_of_Voter_ID_Laws.pdf.
  2. ↵
    1. Alvarez, R. Michael,
    2. Delia Bailey, and
    3. Jonathan Katz
    . 2007. “The Effect of Voter Identification Laws on Turnout.” SSRN Electronic Journal, November. Accessed September 24, 2020. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1084598.
  3. ↵
    1. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
    . 2019a. The Case for Restoring and Updating the Voting Rights Act: A Report of the American Civil Liberties Union. Washington, D.C.: ACLU. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://www.aclu.org/report/aclu-report-voting-rights-act.
  4. ↵
    1. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
    . 2019b. “Blueprint for SmartJustice Wisconsin.” Milwaukee: ACLU Wisconsin. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://50stateblueprint.aclu.org/assets/reports/SJ-Blueprint-WI.pdf.
  5. ↵
    1. Bentele, Keith G., and
    2. Erin E. O’Brien
    . 2013. “Jim Crow 2.0? Why States Consider and Adopt Restrictive Voter Access Policies.” Perspectives on Politics 11(4): 1088–116.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  6. ↵
    1. Blessett, Brandi
    . 2015. “Disenfranchisement: Historical Underpinnings and Contemporary Manifestations.” Public Administration Quarterly 39(1): 3–50.
    OpenUrl
  7. ↵
    1. Contreras, A. Reynaldo
    . 2002. “Minority Voting Issues.” Educational Policy 16(1): 56–71.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  8. ↵
    1. Cotti, Chad,
    2. Bryan Englehardt,
    3. Joshua Foster,
    4. Erik Nesson, and
    5. Paul Niekamp
    . 2020. “The Relationship Between In-Person Voting, Consolidated Polling Locations, and Absentee Voting on COVID-19: Evidence from the Wisconsin Primary.” NBER working paper no. 27187. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  9. ↵
    1. Harvard Law Review
    . 2007. “Seventh Circuit Upholds Voter ID Statute.” 121(7): 1980–987. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/crawford_v_marion.pdf.
  10. ↵
    1. Kam, Dara
    . 2012. “Former Florida GOP Leaders Say Voter Suppression Was Reason They Pushed New Election Law.” Palm Beach Post, November 27. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://www.palmbeachpost.com/article/20121125/news/812021098.
  11. ↵
    1. Kerrison, Erin
    . 2009. “The Color of Suffrage: Voter Disenfranchisement, Power Threat Hypotheses and Modern Democracy.” Concept 32(1): 1–15.
    OpenUrl
  12. ↵
    1. Levine, Marc V
    . 2016. Latino Milwaukee: A Statistical Portrait. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Center for Economic Development. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://dc.uwm.edu/ced_pubs/5.
  13. ↵
    1. Loury, Glenn C
    ., ed. 2008. Race, Incarceration and American Values. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  14. ↵
    1. National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)
    . 2013. “Voter ID: 2013 Legislation.” Washington, D.C.: NCSL. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/voter-id-2013-legislation.aspx.
    1. National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)
    . 2020. “Voter Identification Requirements | Voter ID Laws.” Washington, D.C.: NCSL. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/voter-id.aspx.
  15. ↵
    1. Pawasarat, John, and
    2. Lois M. Quinn
    . 2013. “Wisconsin’s Mass Incarceration of African American Males: Workforce Challenges for 2013.” Milwaukee: Employment and Training Institute, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://dc.uwm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=eti_pubs.
  16. ↵
    1. Preuhs, Robert R
    . 2001. “State Felon Disenfranchisement Policy.” Social Science Quarterly 82(4): 733–48.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  17. ↵
    1. Priorities USA
    . 2017. “Voter Suppression Analysis.” Press Release, May 3. Washington, D.C.: Civic Analytics. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://priorities.org/press/priorities-usa-unveils-findings-voter-suppression-study-showing-significant-decrease-voter-turnout-2016-election-states-strict-id-laws.
  18. ↵
    1. Rocha, Rene R., and
    2. Tetsuya Matsubayashi
    . 2014. “The Politics of Race and Voter ID Laws in the States: The Return of Jim Crow?” Political Research Quarterly 67(3): 666–79.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  19. ↵
    1. Schwartz, John
    . 2013. “Judge in Landmark Case Disavows Support for Voter ID,” The New York Times, October 15. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/us/politics/judge-in-landmark-case-disavows-support-for-voter-id.html.
  20. ↵
    1. Strange, Rachel
    . 2013. “Exploring Hoosier Minority Groups: Indiana’s Hispanic Population.” IN Context 14(4)(July-August). Accessed September 24, 2020. http://www.incontext.indiana.edu/2013/july-aug/article3.asp.
  21. ↵
    1. U.S. Census Bureau
    . 2020. “Indiana: 2019 Population Estimates.” Accessed September 24, 2020. https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?searchType=web&cssp=SERP&q=Indiana%20Latino%20Population.
  22. ↵
    1. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (USCCR)
    . 1968. Political Participation. Washington, D.C.: USCCR. Accessed September 24, 2020. https://www2.law.umaryland.edu/marshall/usccr/documents/cr12p753.pdf.
  23. ↵
    1. Williams, Jared,
    2. Vincent Schiraldi, and
    3. Kendra Bradner
    . 2019. The Wisconsin Community Corrections Story. New York: Columbia University Justice Lab.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 7 (1)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 7, Issue 1
1 Feb 2021
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Legacies of Segregation and Disenfranchisement: The Road from Plessy to Frank and Voter ID Laws in the United States
(Your Name) has sent you a message from RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
10 + 0 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
Legacies of Segregation and Disenfranchisement: The Road from Plessy to Frank and Voter ID Laws in the United States
Paru Shah, Robert S. Smith
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Feb 2021, 7 (1) 134-146; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2021.7.1.08

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Legacies of Segregation and Disenfranchisement: The Road from Plessy to Frank and Voter ID Laws in the United States
Paru Shah, Robert S. Smith
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Feb 2021, 7 (1) 134-146; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2021.7.1.08
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • PROMISES OF FULL VOTER RIGHTS: A BRIEF HISTORY
    • THE NEW SELMA: VOTER DISENFRANCHISEMENT AND RACE-NEUTRAL POLICIES
    • ENTER FRANK V. WALKER
    • CONCLUSION
    • EPILOGUE: DYING TO VOTE
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • voter disenfranchisement
  • Voting Rights Act
  • voter IDs
  • Frank v. Walker

© 2025 RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Powered by HighWire