Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF & How to Propose an Issue
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Article Submission Checklist
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Publications
    • rsf

User menu

  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
  • Publications
    • rsf
  • Log in
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Advanced Search

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF & How to Propose an Issue
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Article Submission Checklist
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Follow rsf on Twitter
  • Visit rsf on Facebook
  • Follow rsf on Google Plus
Research Article
Open Access

School Segregation and Racial Academic Achievement Gaps

Sean F. Reardon
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences September 2016, 2 (5) 34-57; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2016.2.5.03
Sean F. Reardon
aEndowed professor of poverty and inequality in education at Stanford University
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Additional
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

REFERENCES

  1. ↵
    1. Bischoff, Kendra
    . 2008. “School District Fragmentation and Racial Residential Segregation: How Do Boundaries Matter?” Urban Affairs Review 44(2): 182–217.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  2. ↵
    1. Borman, Geoffrey D., and
    2. Maritza Dowling
    . 2010. “Schools and Inequality: A Multilevel Analysis of Coleman’s Equality of Educational Opportunity Data.” Teachers College Record 112(5): 1201–46.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
  3. ↵
    Burdick-Will, Julia, Jens Ludwig, Stephen W. Raudenbush, Robert J. Sampson, Lisa Sanbonmatsu, and Patrick Sharkey. 2011. “Converging Evidence for Neighborhood Effects on Children’s Test Scores: An Experimental, Quasi-Experimental, and Observational Comparison.” In Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality and the Uncertain Life Chances of Low-Income Children, edited by Greg J. Duncan and Richard J. Murnane. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  4. ↵
    1. Card, David, and
    2. Jesse Rothstein
    . 2007. “Racial Segregation and the Black-White Test Score Gap.” Journal of Public Economics 91(11): 2158–84.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  5. ↵
    1. Chetty, Raj,
    2. Nathaniel Hendren, , and
    3. Lawrence F. Katz
    . 2016. “The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment.” American Economic Review 106(4): 855–902.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  6. ↵
    1. Clark, Kenneth B., and
    2. Mamie K. Clark
    . 1939a. “Segregation as a Factor in the Racial Identification of Negro Preschool Children: A Preliminary Report.” Journal of Experimental Education 8(2): 161–63.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  7. ↵
    1. Clark, Kenneth B., and
    2. Mamie K. Clark
    . 1939b. “The Development of Consciousness of Self and the Emergence of Racial Identification in Negro Preschool Children.” Journal of Social Psychology 10(4): 591–99.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  8. ↵
    1. Clark, Kenneth B., and
    2. Mamie K. Clark
    . 1950. “Emotional Factors in Racial Identification and Preference in Negro Children.” Journal of Negro Education 19(3): 341–50.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  9. ↵
    Coleman, James S., Ernest Q. Campbell, Carol J. Hobson, James McPartland, Alexander M. Mood, Frederick D. Weinfeld, and Robert L. York. 1966. Equality of Educational Opportunity. Washington: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education.
  10. ↵
    1. Deutscher, Max,
    2. Isidor Chein, , and
    3. Natalie Sadigur
    . 1948. “The Psychological Effects of Enforced Segregation: A Survey of Social Science Opinion.” Journal of Psychology 26(2): 259–87.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  11. ↵
    Hanushek, Eric A., and Steven G. Rivkin. 2007. “School Quality and the Black-White Achievement Gap.” Working Paper 12651. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  12. ↵
    1. Ho, Andrew D., and
    2. Sean F. Reardon
    . 2012. “Estimating Achievement Gaps from Test Scores Reported in Ordinal ‘Proficiency’ Categories.” Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 37(4): 489–517.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  13. ↵
    Johnson, Rucker C. 2011. “Long-Run Impacts of School Desegregation and School Quality on Adult Attainments.” Working Paper 16664. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  14. ↵
    Kahlenberg, Richard D. 2006. “A New Way on School Integration.” New York: The Century Foundation.
  15. ↵
    Kozol, Jonathan. 1991. Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools. New York: Crown.
  16. ↵
    1. Lankford, Hamilton,
    2. Susanna Loeb, and
    3. James Wycoff
    . 2002. “Teacher Sorting and the Plight of Urban Schools: A Descriptive Analysis.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 24(1): 37–62.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  17. ↵
    Logan, John R. 2011. “Separate and Unequal: The Neighborhood Gap for Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians in Metropolitan America.” US2010 Project: Brown University and Russell Sage Foundation. Providence, R.I.: Brown University.
  18. ↵
    Page, Scott E. 2008. The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
  19. ↵
    Pattillo, Mary. 2013. Black Picket Fences: Privilege and Peril Among the Black Middle Class. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  20. ↵
    1. Pettigrew, Thomas F., and
    2. Linda R. Tropp
    . 2006. “A Meta-analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90(5): 751.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  21. ↵
    1. Reardon, Sean F.,
    2. Lindsay Fox, , and
    3. Joseph Townsend
    . 2015. “Neighborhood Income Composition by Race and Income, 1990–2009.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 660(1): 78–97.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  22. ↵
    1. Reardon, Sean F., and
    2. Andrew D. Ho
    . 2015. “Practical Issues in Estimating Achievement Gaps from Coarsened Data.” Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 40(2): 158–89.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  23. ↵
    Reardon, Sean F., and Lori Rhodes. 2011. “The Effects of Socioeconomic School Integration Policies on Racial School Segregation.” in Integrating Schools in a Changing Society, edited by Erica Frankenberg and Elizabeth DeBray. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  24. ↵
    1. Reardon, Sean F., and
    2. John T. Yun
    . 2001. “Suburban Racial Change and Suburban School Segregation, 1987–1995.” Sociology of Education 74(2): 79–101.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  25. ↵
    1. Reardon, Sean F.,
    2. John T. Yun, , and
    3. Tamela McNulty Eitle
    . 2000. “The Changing Structure of School Segregation: Measurement and Evidence of Multi-racial Metropolitan Area School Segregation, 1989–1995.” Demography 37(3): 351–64.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  26. ↵
    1. Reardon, Sean F.,
    2. John T. Yun, , and
    3. Michal Kurlaender
    . 2006. “Implications of Income-Based School Assignment Policies for Racial School Segregation.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 28(1): 49–75.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  27. ↵
    1. Sampson, Robert J.,
    2. Patrick Sharkey, , and
    3. Stephen W. Raudenbush
    . 2008. “Durable Effects of Concentrated Disadvantage on Verbal Ability Among African-American Children.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(3): 845–52.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  28. ↵
    1. Saporito, Salvatore, and
    2. Deneesh Sohoni
    . 2006. “Coloring Outside the Lines: Racial Segregation in Public Schools and Their Attendance Boundaries.” Sociology of Education 79(2): 81–105.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  29. ↵
    1. Saporito, Salvatore, and
    2. Deneesh Sohoni
    . 2007. “Mapping Educational Inequality: Concentrations of Poverty Among Poor and Minority Students in Public Schools.” Social Forces 85(3): 1227–53.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  30. ↵
    1. Sharkey, Patrick
    . 2010. “The Acute Effect of Local Homicides on Children’s Cognitive Performance.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(26): 11733–38.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  31. ↵
    1. Sharkey, Patrick
    . 2014. “Spatial Segmentation and the Black Middle Class.” American Journal of Sociology 119(4): 903–54.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  32. ↵
    1. Stroub, Kori J., and
    2. Meredith P. Richards
    . 2013. “From Resegregation to Reintegration: Trends in the Racial/Ethnic Segregation of Metropolitan Public Schools, 1993–2009.” American Educational Research Journal 50(3): 497–531.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  33. ↵
    1. Wodtke, Geoffrey T.,
    2. David J. Harding, , and
    3. Felix Elwert
    . 2011. “Neighborhood Effects in Temporal Perspective: The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Concentrated Disadvantage on High School Graduation.” American Sociological Review 76(5): 713–36.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 2 (5)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 2, Issue 5
1 Sep 2016
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
School Segregation and Racial Academic Achievement Gaps
(Your Name) has sent you a message from RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
1 + 0 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
School Segregation and Racial Academic Achievement Gaps
Sean F. Reardon
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Sep 2016, 2 (5) 34-57; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2016.2.5.03

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
School Segregation and Racial Academic Achievement Gaps
Sean F. Reardon
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Sep 2016, 2 (5) 34-57; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2016.2.5.03
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • DIMENSIONS OF SEGREGATION
    • ANALYTIC STRATEGY
    • DATA
    • BIVARIATE AND PARTIAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SEGREGATION AND ACHIEVEMENT GAPS
    • DISENTANGLING MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF SEGREGATION
    • DISCUSSION
    • Acknowledgments
    • APPENDIX
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Additional
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • The Trojan-horse mechanism: How networks reduce gender segregation
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • achievement gap
  • school segregation
  • residential segregation
  • school poverty

© 2025 RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Powered by HighWire