Administrative Burdens in Child Welfare Systems

REFERENCES

1. ↵
   1. Abramovitz, Mimi

   . 1988. Regulating the Lives of Women: Social Welfare Policy from Colonial Times to the Present. Boston, Mass.: South End Press.
2. ↵
   1. Adams, David Wallace

   . 1995. Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience, 1875–1928. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
3. ↵
   1. Beardall, Theresa Rocha, and
   2. Frank Edwards

   . 2021. “Abolition, Settler Colonialism, and the Persistent Threat of Indian Child Welfare.” Columbia Journal of Race and Law 11(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.52214/cjrl.v11i3.8744.
4. ↵
   1. Berger, Lawrence M., and
   2. Jane Waldfogel

   . 2011. Economic Determinants and Consequences of Child Maltreatment. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/5kgf09zj7h9t-en.
5. ↵
   1. Bonnet, François

   . 2019. The Upper Limit: How Low-Wage Work Defines Punishment and Welfare. Oakland: University of California Press.
6. ↵
   1. Boyd, Reiko

   . 2014. “African American Disproportionality and Disparity in Child Welfare: Toward a Comprehensive Conceptual Framework.” Children and Youth Services Review 37(1): 15–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.11.013.

   OpenUrl
7. ↵
   1. Briggs, Laura

   . 2021. Taking Children: A History of American Terror. Oakland: University of California Press.
8. ↵
   1. Cancian, Maria,
   2. Mi-Youn Yang, and
   3. Kristen Shook Slack

   . 2013. “The Effect of Additional Child Support Income on the Risk of Child Maltreatment.” Social Service Review 87(3): 417–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/671929.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
9. ↵
   1. Copeland, Victoria A

   . 2021. “‘It’s the Only System We’ve Got’: Exploring Emergency Response Decision-Making in Child Welfare.” Columbia Journal of Race and Law 11(3): 43–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52214/cjrl.v11i3.8740.

   OpenUrl
10. ↵
    1. Dettlaff, Alan J., and
    2. Reiko Boyd

    . 2020. “Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System: Why Do They Exist, and What Can Be Done to Address Them?” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 692(1): 253–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716220980329.

    OpenUrl
11. ↵
    1. Dettlaff, Alan J.,
    2. Kristen Weber,
    3. Maya Pendleton,
    4. Reiko Boyd,
    5. Bill Bettencourt, and
    6. Leonard Burton

    . 2020. “It Is Not a Broken System, It Is a System That Needs to Be Broken: The UpEND Movement to Abolish the Child Welfare System.” Journal of Public Child Welfare 14(5): 500–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2020.1814542.

    OpenUrl
12. ↵
    1. Edwards, Frank

    . 2016. “Saving Children, Controlling Families: Punishment, Redistribution, and Child Protection.” American Sociological Review 81(3): 575–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416638652.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
13. ↵
    1. Edwards, Frank,
    2. Sara Wakefield,
    3. Kieran Healy, and
    4. Christopher Wildeman

    . 2021. “Contact with Child Protective Services Is Pervasive but Unequally Distributed by Race and Ethnicity in Large US Counties.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118(30): e2106272118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106272118.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
14. ↵
    1. Edwards, Frank, and
    2. Christopher Wildeman

    . 2018. “Characteristics of the Front-Line Child Welfare Workforce.” Children and Youth Services Review 89(1): 13–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.04.013.

    OpenUrl
15. ↵
    1. Edwards, Frank,
    2. Theresa Rocha Beardall, and
    3. Hannah Curtis

    . 2021. “American Indian and Alaska Native Overexposure to Foster Care and Family Surveillance in the US: A Quantitative Overview of Contemporary System Contact.” SocArXiv. April 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fcz5p.
16. ↵
    1. Elliott, Andrea

    . 2021. Invisible Child: Poverty, Survival, & Hope in an American City. New York: Random House.
17. ↵
    1. Esping-Andersen, Gosta

    . 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
18. ↵
    1. Fernandez-Kelly, María Patricia

    . 2015. The Hero’s Fight: African Americans in West Baltimore and the Shadow of the State. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
19. ↵
    1. Fong, Kelley

    . 2019a. “Concealment and Constraint: Child Protective Services Fears and Poor Mothers’ Institutional Engagement.” Social Forces 97(4): 1785–810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soy093.

    OpenUrl
20. ↵
    1. Fong, Kelley

    . 2019b. “Neighborhood Inequality in the Prevalence of Reported and Substantiated Child Maltreatment.” Child Abuse & Neglect 90(April): 13–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.014.

    OpenUrl
21. ↵
    1. Fong, Kelley

    . 2020. “Getting Eyes in the Home: Child Protective Services Investigations and State Surveillance of Family Life.” American Sociological Review 85(4): 610–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122420938460.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
22. ↵
    1. Fong, Kelley

    . 2022. “I Know How It Feels: Empathy and Reluctance to Mobilize Legal Authorities.” Social Problems. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spab079.
23. ↵
    1. Gordon, Linda

    . 1998. Pitied but Not Entitled: Single Mothers and the History of Welfare 1890–1935. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
24. ↵
    1. Gordon, Linda

    . 2001. The Great Arizona Orphan Abduction. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
25. ↵
    1. Graham, J. Chris,
    2. Alan J. Dettlaff,
    3. Donald J. Baumann, and
    4. John D. Fluke

    . 2015. “The Decision Making Ecology of Placing a Child in Foster Care: A Structural Equation Model.” Child Abuse & Neglect 49(November): 12–23.

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. Hartman, Saidiya

    . 2019. Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments: Intimate Histories of Riotous Black Girls, Troublesome Women, and Queer Radicals. New York: W. W. Norton.
27. ↵
    1. Herd, Pamela, and
    2. Donald P. Moynihan

    . 2018. Administrative Burden: Policymaking by Other Means. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
28. ↵
    1. Jacobs, Margaret D

    . 2009. White Mother to a Dark Race: Settler Colonialism, Maternalism, and the Removal of Indigenous Children in the American West and Australia, 1880–1940. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
29. ↵
    1. Jacobs, Margaret D

    . 2014. A Generation Removed: The Fostering and Adoption of Indigenous Children in the Postwar World. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
30. ↵
    1. Jenkins, Phillip

    . 1992. Intimate Enemies: Moral Panics In Contemporary Great Britain. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
31. ↵
    1. Katz, Michael B

    . 1996. In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History of Welfare in America. New York: Basic Books.
32. ↵
    1. Kenny, Kathleen S

    . 2017. “Mental Health Harm to Mothers When a Child Is Taken by Child Protective Services: Health Equity Considerations.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743717748885.
33. ↵
    1. Kenny, Kathleen S.,
    2. Clare Barrington, and
    3. Sherri L. Green

    . 2015. “‘I Felt for a Long Time Like Everything Beautiful in Me Had Been Taken Out’: Women’s Suffering, Remembering, and Survival Following the Loss of Child Custody.” International Journal of Drug Policy 26(11): 1158–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.05.024.

    OpenUrl
34. ↵
    1. Kim, Hyunil,
    2. Christopher Wildeman,
    3. Melissa Jonson-Reid, and
    4. Brett Drake

    . 2016. “Lifetime Prevalence of Investigating Child Maltreatment Among US Children.” American Journal of Public Health 107(2): 274–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303545.

    OpenUrl
35. ↵
    1. Kirk, Gabriela,
    2. April Fernandes, and
    3. Brittany Friedman

    . 2020. “Who Pays for the Welfare State? Austerity Politics and the Origin of Pay-to-Stay Fees as Revenue Generation.” Sociological Perspectives 63(6): 921–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121420967037.

    OpenUrl
36. ↵
    1. Krase, Kathryn S

    . 2013. “Difference in Racially Disproportionate Reporting of Child Maltreatment Across Report Sources.” Journal of Public Child Welfare 7(4): 351–69.

    OpenUrl
37. ↵
    1. Lee, Tina

    . 2016. Catching a Case: Inequality and Fear in New York City’s Child Welfare System. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
38. ↵
    1. Michener, Jamila

    . 2018. Fragmented Democracy: Medicaid, Federalism, and Unequal Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
39. ↵
    1. Miller, Reuben Jonathan

    . 2021. Halfway Home: Race, Punishment, and the Afterlife of Mass Incarceration. New York: Little, Brown.
40. ↵
    1. Miller, Reuben Jonathan, and
    2. Forrest Stuart

    . 2017. “Carceral Citizenship: Race, Rights and Responsibility in the Age of Mass Supervision.” Theoretical Criminology 21(4): 532–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480617731203.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
41. ↵
    1. Moynihan, Donald,
    2. Pamela Herd, and
    3. Hope Harvey

    . 2015. “Administrative Burden: Learning, Psychological, and Compliance Costs in Citizen-State Interactions.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 25(1): 43–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muu009.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
42. ↵
    1. Murakawa, Naomi

    . 2014. The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America. New York: Oxford University Press.
43. ↵
    1. Newland, Bryan

    . 2022. “Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative Investigative Report.” Washington: U.S. Department of the Interior.
44. ↵
    1. Nixon, Kendra L.,
    2. H. L. Radtke, and
    3. Leslie M. Tutty

    . 2013. “‘Every Day It Takes a Piece of You Away’: Experiences of Grief and Loss Among Abused Mothers Involved with Child Protective Services.” Journal of Public Child Welfare 7(2): 172–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2012.715268.

    OpenUrl
45. ↵
    1. Ogongi, Wanja

    . 2012. Barriers to Successful Reunification of Children with Their Families After Foster Care. Philadelphia, Pa.: Stoneleigh Foundation. Accessed December 29, 2022. https://stoneleighfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Ogongi.Moving-the-Dial.pdf.
46. ↵
    1. Paik, Leslie

    . 2021. Trapped in a Maze: How Social Control Institutions Drive Family Poverty and Inequality. Berkeley: University of California Press.
47. ↵
    1. Pelton, Leroy H

    . 2015. “The Continuing Role of Material Factors in Child Maltreatment and Placement.” Child Abuse & Neglect 41(1): 30–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.08.001.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
48. ↵
    1. Phelps, Michelle S., and
    2. Ebony L. Ruhland

    . 2021. “Governing Marginality: Coercion and Care in Probation.” Social Problems. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spaa060.
49. ↵
    1. Piven, Frances Fox, and
    2. Richard Cloward

    . 1993. Regulating the Poor: The Functions of Public Welfare. New York: Vintage.
50. ↵
    1. Quadagno, Jill

    . 1994. The Color of Welfare: How Racism Undermined the War on Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.
51. ↵
    1. Raz, Mical

    . 2013. What’s Wrong with the Poor: Psychiatry, Race and the War on Poverty. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
52. ↵
    1. Raz, Mical

    . 2020. Abusive Policies: How the American Child Welfare System Lost Its Way. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
53. ↵
    1. Reich, Jennifer A

    . 2005. Fixing Families: Parents, Power, and the Child Welfare System. New York: Routledge.
54. ↵
    1. Roberts, Dorothy

    . 1997. Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. New York: Pantheon Books.
55. ↵
    1. Roberts, Dorothy

    . 2002. Shattered Bonds: The Color of Child Welfare. New York: Basic Civitas Books.
56. ↵
    1. Roberts, Dorothy

    . 2008. “The Racial Geography of Child Welfare: Toward a New Research Paradigm.” Child Welfare 87(2): 125–50.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
57. ↵
    1. Roberts, Dorothy

    . 2012. “Prison, Foster Care, and the Systemic Punishment of Black Mothers.” UCLA Law Review 59(6): 1474–500.

    OpenUrlWeb of Science
58. ↵
    1. Roberts, Dorothy

    . 2019. “Abolition Constitutionalism.” Harvard Law Review 133(1): 3–122.

    OpenUrl
59. ↵
    1. Roberts, Dorothy

    . 2022. Torn Apart: How the Child Welfare System Destroys Black Families—And How Abolition Can Build a Safer World. New York: Basic Books.
60. ↵
    1. Schneider, Anne, and
    2. Helen Ingram

    . 1993. “Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy.” American Political Science Review 87(2): 334–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2939044.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
61. ↵
    1. Shapiro, Joseph

    . 2022. “The Federal Government Will Allow States to Stop Charging Families for Foster Care.” All Things Considered, July 1. Accessed November 29, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/07/01/1107848270/foster-care-child-support.
62. ↵
    1. Simmons, Michaela Christy

    . 2020. “Becoming Wards of the State: Race, Crime, and Childhood in the Struggle for Foster Care Integration, 1920s to 1960s.” American Sociological Review 85(2): 199–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122420911062.

    OpenUrl
63. ↵
    1. Soss, Joe,
    2. Richard C. Fording, and
    3. Sanford Schram

    . 2011. Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
64. ↵
    1. Soss, Joe, and
    2. Vesla Weaver

    . 2017. “Learning from Ferguson: Policing, Race, and Class in American Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 20(1): 565–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-060415-093825.

    OpenUrl
65. ↵
    1. Sykes, Jennifer

    . 2011. “Negotiating Stigma: Understanding Mothers’ Responses to Accusations of Child Neglect.” Children and Youth Services Review 33(3): 448–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.06.015.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
66. ↵
    1. Wakefield, Sara, and
    2. Christopher Wildeman

    . 2022. “Are the Average Effects of Foster Care Placement Really Close to Zero?” Research on Social Work Practice 32(5). First published online: January 3, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315211065418.
67. ↵
    1. Weaver, Vesla M., and
    2. Amy E. Lerman

    . 2010. “Political Consequences of the Carceral State.” American Political Science Review 104(4): 817–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055410000456.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
68. ↵
    1. Wildeman, Christopher,
    2. Frank R. Edwards, and
    3. Sara Wakefield

    . 2020. “The Cumulative Prevalence of Termination of Parental Rights for U.S. Children, 2000–2016.” Child Maltreatment 25(1): 32–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559519848499.

    OpenUrl
69. ↵
    1. Wildeman, Christopher, and
    2. Jane Waldfogel

    . 2014. “Somebody’s Children or Nobody’s Children? How the Sociological Perspective Could Enliven Research on Foster Care.” Annual Review of Sociology 40(1): 599–618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043358.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
70. ↵
    1. Yi, Youngmin,
    2. Frank R. Edwards, and
    3. Christopher Wildeman

    . 2020. “Cumulative Prevalence of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care Placement for US Children by Race/Ethnicity, 2011–2016.” American Journal of Public Health 110(5): 704–709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305554.

    OpenUrl