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Research Article
Open Access

Locked Out of the Labor Market? State-Level Hidden Sentences and the Labor Market Outcomes of Recently Incarcerated Young Adults

Cody Warner, Joshua Kaiser, Jason N. Houle
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences March 2020, 6 (1) 132-151; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2020.6.1.06
Cody Warner
aAssociate professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Montana State University
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Joshua Kaiser
bResident scholar in sociology at Dartmouth College
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Jason N. Houle
cAssociate professor in sociology at Dartmouth College
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Abstract

A long literature attests to labor market penalties for having a criminal record. No research, however, has explored whether state-level policies that restrict social participation of the justice-involved contribute to these labor market consequences. Such policies, or hidden sentences, have clear implications for labor market outcomes but are difficult to measure. In this article, we leverage a combination of nationally representative individual data and state-level data on hidden sentences to ask whether the labor market penalties of incarceration are contingent on a state’s hidden sentence regime in young adulthood. Our results demonstrate that living in a state with moderate and high hidden sentences exacerbates the labor market consequences of incarceration, and that this pattern may contribute to racial disparities in labor market outcomes following incarceration.

  • incarceration
  • employment
  • earnings
  • hidden sentences
  • © 2020 Russell Sage Foundation. Warner, Cody, Joshua Kaiser, and Jason N. Houle. 2020. “Locked Out of the Labor Market? State-Level Hidden Sentences and the Labor Market Outcomes of Recently Incarcerated Young Adults.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 6(1): 132–51. DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2020.6.1.06. Direct correspondence to: Cody Warner at cody.warner{at}montana.edu, Montana State University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2-128 Wilson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717.

Open Access Policy: RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences is an open access journal. This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

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RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 6 (1)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 6, Issue 1
1 Mar 2020
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Locked Out of the Labor Market? State-Level Hidden Sentences and the Labor Market Outcomes of Recently Incarcerated Young Adults
Cody Warner, Joshua Kaiser, Jason N. Houle
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Mar 2020, 6 (1) 132-151; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2020.6.1.06

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Locked Out of the Labor Market? State-Level Hidden Sentences and the Labor Market Outcomes of Recently Incarcerated Young Adults
Cody Warner, Joshua Kaiser, Jason N. Houle
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Mar 2020, 6 (1) 132-151; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2020.6.1.06
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • INCARCERATION, RACE, AND LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD
    • HIDDEN SENTENCES AS LABOR MARKET BARRIERS
    • DATA AND APPROACH
    • RESULTS
    • DISCUSSION
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Keywords

  • incarceration
  • employment
  • earnings
  • hidden sentences

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