Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Article Submission Checklist
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Publications
    • rsf

User menu

  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
  • Publications
    • rsf
  • Log in
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Advanced Search

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Article Submission Checklist
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Follow rsf on Twitter
  • Visit rsf on Facebook
  • Follow rsf on Google Plus
Research Article
Open Access

Firearms Licensee Characteristics Associated with Sales of Crime-Involved Firearms and Denied Sales: Findings from the Firearms Licensee Survey

Garen J. Wintemute
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences October 2017, 3 (5) 58-74; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2017.3.5.03
Garen J. Wintemute
aSusan P. Baker–Stephen P. Teret Chair in Violence Prevention, director of the Violence Prevention Research Program, professor of emergency medicine at the University of California, Davis, an attending physician in the emergency department at UC Davis Medical Center, and director of the University of California Firearm Violence Research Center
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

REFERENCES

  1. ↵
    Adams, Devon B., and Ronald J. Frandsen. 2005. “Survey of State Procedures Related to Firearm Sales, Midyear 2005.” Report no. NCJ 214645. St. Louis, Mo.: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
  2. ↵
    American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR). 2011. Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys, 7th ed. Oakbrook Terrace, Ill.: AAPOR.
  3. ↵
    1. Azrael, Deborah,
    2. Philip J. Cook, and
    3. Matthew Miller
    . 2004. “State and Local Prevalence of Firearms Ownership Measurement, Structure, and Trends.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 20(1): 43–62.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  4. ↵
    Braga, Anthony A., Philip J. Cook, David M. Kennedy, and Mark H. Moore. 2002. “The Illegal Supply of Firearms.” In Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, edited by Michael Tonry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  5. ↵
    1. Braga, Anthony A., and
    2. David M. Kennedy
    . 2001. “The Illicit Acquisition of Firearms by Youth and Juveniles.” Journal of Criminal Justice 29(2): 379–88.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  6. ↵
    1. Braga, Anthony A.,
    2. Garen J. Wintemute,
    3. Glenn L. Pierce,
    4. Philip J. Cook, and
    5. Greg Ridgeway
    . 2012. “Interpreting the Empirical Evidence on Illegal Gun Market Dynamics.” Journal of Urban Health 89(5): 779–93.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  7. ↵
    Brink, Susan. 2014. “Gun Shops, Public Health Officials Find Common Ground: A String of Suicides Prompted Gun Store Owners in New Hampshire to Adopt a Voluntary Self-Regulation Program.” U.S. News & World Report, December 4. Accessed July 30, 2016. http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/12/04/gun-shops-public-health-officials-work-together-to-prevent-suicide.
  8. ↵
    Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF). 2000a. “Commerce in Firearms in the United States.” Washington: U.S. Department of Justice.
  9. ↵
    Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF). 2000b. “Following the Gun: Enforcing Federal Laws Against Firearms Traffickers.” Washington: U.S. Department of Justice.
  10. ↵
    Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). 2012. “Downloadable Lists of Federal Firearms Licensees (FFLs).” Accessed October 26, 2012. http://www.atf.gov/about/foia/ffl-list.html.
  11. ↵
    Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). 2017. “Report of Active Firearms Licenses—License Type by State Statistics.” Accessed June 27, 2017. https://www.atf.gov/firearms/docs/undefined/report-active-firearms-licenses-license-type-state-statistics-june-2017/download.
  12. ↵
    Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2016. “NCVS Victimization Analysis Tool (NVAT).” Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. July 29, 2016. http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=nvat.
  13. ↵
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2017. “Welcome to WISQARS.” National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Accessed July 15, 2017. http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html.
  14. ↵
    City of New York. 2009. “Gun Show Undercover: Report on Illegal Sales at Gun Shows.” New York: The City of New York.
  15. ↵
    1. Dillman, Don A.,
    2. Arina Gertseva, and
    3. Taj Mahon-Haft
    . 2005. “Achieving Usability in Establishment Surveys through the Application of Visual Design Principles.” Journal of Official Statistics 21(2): 183–214.
    OpenUrl
  16. ↵
    Dillman, Don A., Jolene D. Smyth, and Leah Melani Christian. 2009. Internet, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method, 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  17. ↵
    Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 2000. “National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS): Operations Report (November 30, 1998–December 31, 1999).” Washington: U.S. Department of Justice.
  18. ↵
    Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 2010a. “Total NICS Background Checks.” Washington: U.S. Department of Justice. Accessed November 2010. https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year.pdf/view.
  19. ↵
    Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 2010b. “Crime by County 2010” [dataset]. Washington: U.S. Department of Justice.
  20. ↵
    Frandsen, Ronald J., Dave Naglich, Gene A. Lauver, and Allina D. Lee. 2013. “Background Checks for Firearm Transfers, 2010—Statistical Tables.” Report NCJ 238226. Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
  21. ↵
    Harlow, Caroline Wolf. 2001. “Firearm Use by Offenders.” Report NCJ 189369. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
  22. ↵
    Koper, Christopher S. 2007. “Crime Gun Risk Factors: Buyer, Seller, Firearm, and Transaction Characteristics Associated with Gun Trafficking and Criminal Gun Use.” Philadelphia: Jerry Lee Center of Criminology.
  23. ↵
    1. Koper, Christopher S
    . 2013. “Crime Gun Risk Factors: Buyer, Seller, Firearm, and Transaction Characteristics Associated with Gun Trafficking and Criminal Gun Use.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 30(2): 285–315.
    OpenUrl
  24. ↵
    1. Kriauciunas, Aldas,
    2. Anne Parmigiani, and
    3. Miguel Rivera-Santos
    . 2011. “Leaving Our Comfort Zone: Integrating Established Practices with Unique Adaptations to Conduct Survey-Based Strategy Research in Nontraditional Contexts.” Strategic Management Journal 32(9): 994–1010.
    OpenUrl
  25. ↵
    Mayors Against Illegal Guns. 2008. “Inside Straw Purchasing: How Criminals Get Guns Illegally.” New York: Mayors Against Illegal Guns.
  26. ↵
    National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action (NRAILA). 2011. “Warning — Anti-Gun Survey of Firearms Dealers Under Way!” [email communication to Garen J. Wintemute].
  27. ↵
    National Shooting Sports Foundation (NSSF). 2000. “Don’t Lie for the Other Guy.” Accessed January 25, 2013. http://www.dontlie.org.
  28. ↵
    Paxson, M. Chris, Don A. Dillman, and John Tarnai. 1995. “Improving Response to Business Mail Surveys.” In Business Survey Methods, edited by Brenda G. Cox, David A. Binder, B. Nanjamma Chinnappa, Anders Christianson, Michael J. Colledge, and Phillip S. Kott. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  29. ↵
    1. Pierce, Glenn L.,
    2. Anthony A. Braga,
    3. Raymond R. Hyatt Jr.., and
    4. Christopher S. Koper
    . 2004. “Characteristics and Dynamics of Illegal Firearms Markets: Implications for a Supply-Side Enforcement Strategy.” Justice Quarterly 21(2): 391–422.
    OpenUrl
  30. ↵
    SAS for Windows. 2012. “SAS for Windows.” Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute.
  31. ↵
    Scalia, John. 2000. “Federal Firearm Offenders, 1992–98.” Report NCJ 180795. Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
  32. ↵
    1. Shapiro, Oliver
    . 2008. “Rogue Retailers: Innocent until Proven Guilty? Or Guilty by Profession?” Shooting Sports Retailer 26(1): 50–52, 54, 56, 113.
  33. ↵
    1. Sorenson, Susan B., and
    2. Katherine A. Vittes
    . 2003. “Buying a Handgun for Someone Else: Firearm Dealer Willingness to Sell.” Injury Prevention 9(2): 147–50.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  34. ↵
    U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. “United States Census 2010.” Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce. Accessed February 24, 1014. https://www.census.gov/2010census/.
  35. ↵
    U.S. Census Bureau. 2011. “American Community Survey, 2011.” Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce. Accessed July 15, 2017. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/.
  36. ↵
    U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2013. “Rural-Urban Continuum Codes.” Accessed March 26, 2014. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-continuum-codes/documentation.aspx4.
  37. ↵
    1. Vittes, Katherine A.,
    2. Jon S. Vernick, and
    3. Daniel W. Webster
    . 2012. “Legal Status and Source of Offenders’ Firearms in States with the Least Stringent Criteria for Gun Ownership.” Injury Prevention 19(1): 26–31.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  38. ↵
    1. Vriniotis, Mary,
    2. Catherine Barber,
    3. Elaine Frank,
    4. Ralph Demicco, and the New Hampshire Firearm Safety Coalition
    . 2015. “A Suicide Prevention Campaign for Firearm Dealers in New Hampshire.” Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 45(2): 157–63.
    OpenUrl
  39. ↵
    1. Wintemute, Garen J
    . 2007. “Gun Shows Across a Multistate American Gun Market: Observational Evidence of the Effects of Regulatory Policies.” Injury Prevention 13(3): 150–56.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  40. ↵
    1. Wintemute, Garen J
    . 2009a. “Disproportionate Sales of Crime Guns among Licensed Handgun Retailers in the United States: A Case-Control Study.” Injury Prevention 15(5): 291–99.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  41. ↵
    Wintemute, Garen J. 2009b. Inside Gun Shows: What Goes on When Everybody Thinks Nobody’s Watching. Sacramento, Calif.: Violence Prevention Research Program.
  42. ↵
    1. Wintemute, Garen J
    . 2010. “Firearm Retailers’ Willingness to Participate in an Illegal Gun Purchase.” Journal of Urban Health 87(5): 865–78.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  43. ↵
    1. Wintemute, Garen J
    . 2012. “Characteristics of Federally Licensed Firearms Retailers and Retail Establishments in the United States: Initial Findings from the Firearms Licensee Survey.” Journal of Urban Health 90(1): 1–26.
    OpenUrl
  44. ↵
    1. Wintemute, Garen J
    . 2013. “Frequency of and Responses to Illegal Activity Related to Commerce in Firearms: Findings from the Firearms Licensee Survey.” Injury Prevention 19(6): 412–20.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  45. ↵
    1. Wintemute, Garen J
    . 2014. “Support for a Comprehensive Background Check Requirement and Expanded Denial Criteria for Firearm Transfers: Findings from the Firearms Licensee Survey.” Journal of Urban Health 91(2): 303–319.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  46. ↵
    1. Wintemute, Garen J.,
    2. Philip J. Cook, and
    3. Mona A. Wright
    . 2005. “Risk Factors Among Handgun Retailers for Frequent and Disproportionate Sales of Guns Used in Violent and Firearm Related Crimes.” Injury Prevention 11(6): 357–63.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  47. ↵
    1. Wright, Mona A.,
    2. Garen J. Wintemute, and
    3. Daniel W. Webster
    . 2010. “Factors Affecting a Recently-Purchased Handgun’s Risk for Use in Crime Under Circumstances That Suggest Gun Trafficking.” Journal of Urban Health 87(3): 352–64. Long-Term
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 3 (5)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 3, Issue 5
1 Oct 2017
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Firearms Licensee Characteristics Associated with Sales of Crime-Involved Firearms and Denied Sales: Findings from the Firearms Licensee Survey
(Your Name) has sent you a message from RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
1 + 0 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
Firearms Licensee Characteristics Associated with Sales of Crime-Involved Firearms and Denied Sales: Findings from the Firearms Licensee Survey
Garen J. Wintemute
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Oct 2017, 3 (5) 58-74; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2017.3.5.03

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Firearms Licensee Characteristics Associated with Sales of Crime-Involved Firearms and Denied Sales: Findings from the Firearms Licensee Survey
Garen J. Wintemute
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Oct 2017, 3 (5) 58-74; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2017.3.5.03
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • PRIOR RESEARCH
    • METHODS
    • RESULTS
    • DISCUSSION
    • CONCLUSION
    • Appendix
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • firearms
  • crime
  • violence
  • law enforcement

© 2025 RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Powered by HighWire