Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF & How to Propose an Issue
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Article Submission Checklist
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Publications
    • rsf

User menu

  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
  • Publications
    • rsf
  • Log in
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Advanced Search

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF & How to Propose an Issue
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Article Submission Checklist
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Follow rsf on Twitter
  • Visit rsf on Facebook
  • Follow rsf on Google Plus
Research Article
Open Access

Justice Delayed: An Analysis of Local Proposals for Black Reparations

Olivia J. Reneau
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences June 2024, 10 (3) 140-161; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.3.07
Olivia J. Reneau
aFormer Hart Fellow at the Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy, United States
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

REFERENCES

    1. Allen, Robert L
    . 1998. “Past Due: The African American Quest for Reparations.” The Black Scholar 28(2): 2–17. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41069773.
    OpenUrl
  1. ↵
    1. Associated Press
    . 2021. “Greenbelt Passes Referendum to Study Reparations for African American and Native American Residents.” Baltimore Sun, November 3. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.baltimoresun.com/politics/bs-md-pol-greenbelt-reparations-referendum-20211104-t6younzszbfbhgpqakydbctfeq-story.html.
  2. ↵
    1. Babucci, Tommaso C. F
    . 2020. “Taxing Marijuana and the Road to Reparations: Comparing the Colorado and Illinois Cannabis Markets.” Honors thesis, Duke University. https://hdl.handle.net/10161/20688.
  3. ↵
    1. Bishaw, Alemayehu, and
    2. Kirby G. Posey
    . 2016. “A Comparison of Rural and Urban America: Household Income and Poverty.” U.S. Census Bureau, Economic and Housing Statistics Division. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/random-samplings/2016/12/a_comparison_of_rura.html.
  4. ↵
    1. Bosman, Julie
    . 2021. “Chicago Suburb Shapes Reparations for Black Residents: ‘It Is the Start’.” New York Times, March 22. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/22/us/reparations-evanston-illinois-housing.html.
  5. ↵
    1. Brooks, Roy L
    ., ed. 1999. “Clinton Opposes Slavery Apology.” In When Sorry Isn’t Enough: The Controversy over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice, edited by Roy L. Brooks, 352. New York: NYU Press.
  6. ↵
    1. Burgess, Joel
    . 2020a. “In Historic Move, Asheville Approves Reparations for Black Residents.” Asheville Citizen Times, July 14. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2020/07/14/asheville-passes-reparations-black-residents-historic/5438597002.
  7. ↵
    1. Burgess, Joel
    . 2020b. “Reparations Stall: Resignation, Lack of Progress Raise Questions About Asheville’s Historic Initiative.” Asheville Citizen Times, October 12. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2020/10/12/resignation-lack-progress-raise-questions-asheville-reparations/5936041002.
  8. ↵
    1. California Office of the Attorney General
    . 2023. “The California Reparations Report.” https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/full-ca-reparations.pdf.
  9. ↵
    1. Campaign Zero
    . 2020. “Action.” October 5. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://campaignzero.org/#action.
  10. ↵
    1. Carther, Alexander,
    2. Breno Braga,
    3. Kassandra Martinchek,
    4. Signe-Mary McKernan, and
    5. Caleb Quakenbush
    . 2022. Debt in America 2022. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://datacatalog.urban.org/dataset/debt-america-2023.
  11. ↵
    1. Chang, Ailsa,
    2. Rachel Martin, and
    3. Eric Marrapodi
    . 2020. “Summer of Racial Reckoning.” National Public Radio, August 16. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.npr.org/2020/08/16/902179773/summer-of-racial-reckoning-the-match-lit.
  12. ↵
    1. Cherone, Heather
    . 2020. “Chicago Will Not Create Reparations Commission After Lightfoot Objects.” WTTW News/PBS, June 12. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://news.wttw.com/2020/06/12/chicago-will-not-create-reparations-commission-after-lightfoot-objects.
  13. ↵
    1. City of Amherst. Amherst Town Council
    . 2021. “Resolution in Support of H.R.40/S.40 Bills in Congress.” June 2. Amherst, Mass. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://www.amherstma.gov/DocumentCenter/View/56384/6b-HR-S40-Resolution-as-voted-by-GOL-on-6-2-21.
  14. ↵
    1. City of Berkeley. Berkeley City Council
    . 2021. “Budget Referral: Berkeley Reparations—Funding for a Consultant to Facilitate Community Process to Design and Implement a Local Reparations Plan.” March 22. Berkeley, Calif. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://berkeleyca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-04/2022-03-22%20Item%2032%20Budget%20Referral%20Berkeley%20Reparations.pdf.
  15. ↵
    1. City of Burlington. Burlington City Council
    . 2020. “Resolution 7.06 Establishing a Task Force to Study a Proposal for Reparations and to Consider a City Apology for the Institution of Slavery.” August 10. Burlington, Vt. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://go.boarddocs.com/vt/burlingtonvt/Board.nsf/files/BV7RUY6F8F4A/$file/Signed%20CC%20Resolution%20Establishing%20A%20Task%20Force%20To%20Study%20A%20Proposal%20For%20Reparations%20And%20To%20Consider%20A%20City%20Apology%20For%20The%20Institution%20Of%20Salvery%20revised%20version.pdf.
  16. ↵
    1. City of Chicago. Chicago City Council
    . 2020. “R2019-694: Call for Establishment of Chicago Descendants of Enslaved Africans Reparations Commission.” Chicago, Ill. June 20. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://chicago.councilmatic.org/legislation/r2019-694/.
  17. ↵
    1. City of Detroit. Detroit City Council
    . 2021. “Resolution Supporting Community Reparations for Black Detroit.” August 18. Detroit, Mich. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://detroitmi.gov/sites/detroitmi.localhost/files/2020-08/Community%20Reparations%20Memo-Reso-Attachments.pdf.
  18. ↵
    1. City of Durham. Durham City Council
    . 2020. Minutes regarding Resolution in Support of Federal Action to Increase Racial Equity. October 5. Durham, N.C. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://www.durhamnc.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_10052020-1564.
  19. ↵
    1. City of Evanston. Evanston City Council
    . 2019. “58-R-19: Commitment to End Structural Racism and Achieve Racial Equity.” June 5. Evanston, Illinois. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.cityofevanston.org/home/showpublisheddocument/62674/637511531477970000.
  20. ↵
    1. City of High Point. High Point City Council
    . 2022. “A Resolution for the One High Point Commission to Explore Community Reparations for the African American Citizens of High Point, North Carolina.” February 7. High Point, N.C. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://www.highpointnc.gov/DocumentCenter/View/20150/OHPC-Res?bidId=.
  21. ↵
    1. City of Iowa. Iowa City Council
    . 2021. “Resolution 20-159: Resolution of Initial Council Commitments Addressing the Black Lives Matter Movement and Systemic Racism in the Wake of the Murder of George Floyd by the Minneapolis Police and Calls for Action from Protesters and Residents” June 19. Iowa City, Iowa. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://imla.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Dilkes-RES-20-159.pdf.
  22. ↵
    1. City of Providence. Office of the Mayor
    . 2020. “Executive Order 2020-13: Declaration of Truth, Reconciliation, and Reparations.” July 15. Providence, R.I. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://www.providenceri.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Mayors-Executive-Order-2020-13-1.pdf.
  23. ↵
    1. City of Providence. Office of the Mayor
    . 2022. “Executive Order 2022-–4: Establishing the Providence Municipal Reparations Commission.” February 28. Providence, R.I. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://www.providenceri.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Elorza-EO__2022-4.pdf.
  24. ↵
    1. Collins, William J., and
    2. Marianne H. Wanamaker
    . 2017. “African American Intergenerational Economic Mobility Since 1880.” NBER working paper no. 23395. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  25. ↵
    1. Cox, Kiana, and
    2. Christine Tamir
    . 2022. “2. Family History, Slavery and Knowledge of Black History.” Race Is Central to Identity for Black Americans and Affects How They Connect with Each Other. Pew Research Center, April 2022. https://www.pewresearch.org/race-ethnicity/2022/04/14/black-americans-family-history-slavery-and-knowledge-of-black-history.
  26. ↵
    1. Craemer, John
    . 2020. “Poverty Rates for Blacks and Hispanics Reached Historic Lows in 2019.” September 15. Washington: U.S. Census Bureau. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2020/09/poverty-rates-for-blacks-and-hispanics-reached-historic-lows-in-2019.html.
  27. ↵
    1. Craemer, Thomas
    . 2015. “Estimating Slavery Reparations: Present Value Comparisons of Historical Multigenerational Reparations Policies.” Social Science Quarterly 96(2): 639–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12151.
    OpenUrl
  28. ↵
    1. Craemer, Thomas,
    2. Trevor Smith,
    3. Brianna Harrison,
    4. Trevon Logan,
    5. Wesley Bellamy, and
    6. William Darity
    . 2020. “Wealth Implications of Slavery and Racial Discrimination for African American Descendants of the Enslaved.” Review of Black Political Economy 47(3): 218–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644620926516.
    OpenUrl
  29. ↵
    1. Darity, William A., Jr.
    . 2008. “Forty Acres and a Mule in the 21st Century.” Social Science Quarterly 89(3): 656–64. Accessed October 30, 2020. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42956508.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Darity, William A., Jr.., and
    2. Darrick Hamilton
    . 2018. “The Political Economy of Education, Financial Literacy, and the Racial Wealth Gap.” Review of Black Political Economy 45(1): 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12114-017-9254-4.
    OpenUrl
  30. ↵
    1. Darity, William A., Jr.., and
    2. A. Kirsten Mullen
    . 2020. From Here to Equality: Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  31. ↵
    1. Darity, William A., Jr..,
    2. Darrick Hamilton,
    3. Mark Paul,
    4. Alan Aja,
    5. Anne Price,
    6. Antonio Moore, and
    7. Caterina Chiopris
    . 2018. What We Get Wrong About Closing the Racial Wealth Gap. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Samuel DuBois Cook Center.
  32. ↵
    1. Foley, Ryan J
    . 2021. “Iowa City to Reboot Racial Truth Commission After Infighting.” Associated Press News, March 17. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://apnews.com/article/race-and-ethnicity-iowa-iowa-city-generations-election-recounts-4d442f5e3e4955b7f9c31b215ca53d96.
  33. ↵
    1. Fu, Samantha
    . 2022. “Three Reasons Why Expanding Access to Homeownership Alone Won’t Close the Racial Wealth Gap.” Urban Wire, May 26. https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/three-reasons-why-expanding-access-homeownership-alone-wont-close-racial-wealth-gap.
  34. ↵
    1. Groover, Heidi
    . 2023. “WA Considers New Way to Address Legacy of ‘Whites Only’ Neighborhoods.” Seattle Times, February 12. Accessed November 16, 2023. https://www.seattletimes.com/business/real-estate/wa-considers-new-way-to-address-legacy-of-racist-property-covenants.
  35. ↵
    1. Hamilton, Darrick, and
    2. William A. Darity
    . 2017. “The Political Economy of Education, Financial Literacy, and the Racial Wealth Gap.” Review 99(1): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/r.2017.59-76.
    OpenUrl
  36. ↵
    1. Hampton, Robert L
    . 2016. “Wealth Inequality Among Blacks and Whites in the United States.” Review of Black Political Economy 43(3): 219–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12114-016-9252-9.
    OpenUrl
  37. ↵
    1. Johnson, Katanga
    . “U.S. Public More Aware of Racial Inequality but Still Rejects Reparations: Reuters/Ipsos Polling.” Reuters, June 26, 2020, sec. United Kingdom. https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN23W1NG/.
  38. ↵
    1. Kishi, Roudabeh, and
    2. Sam Jones
    . 2021. “Demonstrations & Political Violence in America: New Data for Summer 2020.” Princeton, N.J.: ACLED, Bridging Divides Initiative. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://acleddata.com/2020/09/03/demonstrations-political-violence-in-america-new-data-for-summer-2020/.
  39. ↵
    1. Langer, Gary
    . 2020. “63% Support Black Lives Matter as Recognition of Discrimination Jumps: Poll.” ABC News, July 21. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/63-support-black-lives-matter-recognition-discrimination-jumps/story?id=71779435.
  40. ↵
    1. List, Madeleine
    . 2020. “Providence Mayor Signs Order to Pursue Truth, Reparations for Black, Indigenous People.” Providence Journal, July 16. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.providencejournal.com/story/news/2020/07/16/providence-mayor-signs-order-to-pursue-truth-reparations-for-black-indigenous-people/42496067/.
  41. ↵
    1. M4BL
    . 2020. “Defund the Police.” Movement for Black Lives, August 20. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://m4bl.org/defund-the-police.
  42. ↵
    1. Mayors Organized for Reparations and Equity (MORE)
    . 2020. “Mission.” Accessed December 1, 2021. https://moremayors.org/mission [website discontinued].
  43. ↵
    1. Misra, Kiran
    . 2021. “Illinois City’s Reparations Plan Was Heralded—but Locals Say It’s a Cautionary Tale.” The Guardian, August 18. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/aug/18/evanston-illinois-reparations-plan-cautionary-tale.
  44. ↵
    1. Moslimani, Mohamad,
    2. Christine Tamir,
    3. Abby Budiman,
    4. Luis Noe-Bustamante, and
    5. Lauren Mora
    . 2023. “Facts About the US Black Population.” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/fact-sheet/facts-about-the-us-black-population.
  45. ↵
    1. Muñoz, Ana Patricia,
    2. Marlene Kim,
    3. Mariko Chang,
    4. Regine O. Jackson,
    5. Darrick Hamilton, and
    6. William A. Darity Jr.
    . 2015. “The Color of Wealth in Boston.” Boston, Mass.: Federal Reserve Bank. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.bostonfed.org/publications/one-time-pubs/color-of-wealth.aspx.
  46. ↵
    1. National African American Reparations Commission (NAARC)
    . 2020. “US: Congress Should Pass Reparations Bill.” N’COBRA Archives. August 3, 2020. https://reparationscomm.org/naarc-news/press-releases/us-congress-should-pass-reparations-bill/.
    1. National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N’COBRA)
    . 2021. “HR 40 Interactive Map.” August 4. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.ncobraonline.org/hr-40-interactive-map.
  47. ↵
    1. Oliver, Melvin L., and
    2. Thomas M. Shapiro
    . 2019. “Disrupting the Racial Wealth Gap.” Contexts 18(1): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536504219830672.
    OpenUrl
  48. ↵
    1. Rhodes, Jesse H.,
    2. Tatishe M. Nteta,
    3. Lilliauna Hopkins, and
    4. Gregory Wall
    . 2024. “Why Reparations? Race and Public Opinion Toward Reparations.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 10(3): 30–48. https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.3.02.
    OpenUrl
  49. ↵
    1. Rolfes, Ellen, and
    2. Kamm Howard
    . 2023. “The Purpose of Local Reparations.” Marketplace Morning Report. Minnesota Public Radio, Saint Paul, Minn., February 25.
  50. ↵
    1. San Francisco African American Reparations Advisory Committee
    . 2022. “Draft San Francisco Reparations Plan.” December. Accessed February 29, 2024. https://www.sf.gov/sites/default/files/2023-01/HRC%20Reparations%202022%20Report%20Final_0.pdf.
  51. ↵
    1. San Francisco Human Rights Commission
    . 2020. “Investment of Funds to Support the Black Community in San Francisco.” August. Accessed February 29, 2024. https://www.sf.gov/sites/default/files/2022-04/Reallocation-of-SFPD-Funding-Report-09-2020.pdf.
  52. ↵
    1. Sharpe, Jared
    . 2021. “UMass Amherst/WCVB Poll Finds Nearly Half of Americans Say the Federal Government Definitely Should Not Pay Reparations to the Descendants of Slaves.” April 29. Amherst: University of Massachusetts. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.umass.edu/news/article/umass-amherstwcvb-poll-finds-nearly-half.
  53. ↵
    1. Sharpe, Jared
    . 2022. “UMass Amherst Poll Examines Americans’ Views on Race Issues Including Critical Race Theory, Systemic Racism, and Reparations.” January 14. Amherst: University of Massachusetts. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.umass.edu/news/article/umass-amherst-poll-examines-americans-views-race-issues-including-critical-race-theory.
  54. ↵
    1. Sharpe, Jared
    . 2023. “National UMass Amherst Poll Surveys Americans’ Views on Race, Antisemitism and the ‘Great Replacement Theory’.” January 13. Amherst: University of Massachusetts. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.umass.edu/news/article/national-umass-amherst-poll-surveys-americans-views-race-antisemitism-and-great.
  55. ↵
    1. Simone, Brooke
    . 2021. “Municipal Reparations: Considerations and Constitutionality.” Michigan Law Review 120: 345.
    OpenUrl
  56. ↵
    1. Tamir, C.,
    2. Abby Budiman,
    3. L. Noe-Bustamante, and
    4. Lauren Mora
    . 2021. “Facts About the US Black Population.” Fact sheet. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. Accessed March 2, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/fact-sheet/facts-about-the-us-black-population.
  57. ↵
    1. Treisman, Rachel
    . 2021. “In Likely First, Chicago Suburb of Evanston Approves Reparations for Black Residents.” America Reckons with Racial Injustice. NPR, March 23. Accessed February 2, 2204. https://www.npr.org/2021/03/23/980277688/in-likely-first-chicago-suburb-of-evanston-approves-reparations-for-black-reside.
  58. ↵
    1. Tribble, Khadijah
    . 2018. “Reckoning with Reparations: The Kush Economy Is Our 40 acres and a Mule.” Kennedy School Review 18: 114–17.
    OpenUrl
  59. ↵
    1. U.S. Census Bureau
    . 2015. “American Community Survey Data Tables: B01001 Sex by Age.” Accessed February 2, 2024. https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5YSPT2015.B01001?t=-00&g=060XX00US4400759000&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Selected%20Population%20Detailed%20Tables&tp=true.
  60. ↵
    1. U.S. Census Bureau
    . 2019a. “Median Family Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2019 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) (Black or African American Alone Householder).” American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B19113B. Accessed February 26, 2024. https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2015.B19113B?t=Income%20and%20Poverty:Race%20and%20Ethnicity&g=160XX00US4459000.
  61. ↵
    1. U.S. Census Bureau
    . 2019b. “Median Household Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2019 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) (White Alone Householder).” American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B19013A. Accessed February 26, 2024. https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2022.B19013A?t=Income%20and%20Poverty:Race%20and%20Ethnicity.
  62. ↵
    1. U.S. Census Bureau
    . 2021. “American Community Survey Data Tables: S1701 Poverty Status.” Accessed February 2, 2024. https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2021.S1701?g=160XX00US4459000.
  63. ↵
    1. Williams, Candice
    . 2021. “Detroit Voters OK Launching Reparations Commission.” Detroit News, November 3. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2021/11/02/reparations-proposal-leads-early-detroit-returns/8570995002.
  64. ↵
    1. Younis, Mohamed
    . 2019. “As Redress for Slavery, Americans Oppose Cash Reparations.” Gallup, March 23. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://news.gallup.com/poll/261722/redress-slavery-americans-oppose-cash-reparations.aspx.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 10 (3)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 10, Issue 3
1 Jun 2024
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Justice Delayed: An Analysis of Local Proposals for Black Reparations
(Your Name) has sent you a message from RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
7 + 6 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
Justice Delayed: An Analysis of Local Proposals for Black Reparations
Olivia J. Reneau
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Jun 2024, 10 (3) 140-161; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.3.07

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Justice Delayed: An Analysis of Local Proposals for Black Reparations
Olivia J. Reneau
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Jun 2024, 10 (3) 140-161; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.3.07
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • LOCAL REPARATIONS IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT
    • METHODOLOGY
    • CONCEPTIONS OF LOCAL REPARATIONS
    • GEOGRAPHIES OF MUNICIPAL REPARATIONS
    • RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REPARATIONS POLICIES
    • REPARATIONS MODALITIES AND PATH DEPENDENCY
    • LIMITATIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH
    • CONCLUSION
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • local reparations
  • slavery reparations
  • path dependency

© 2025 RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Powered by HighWire