This paper uses rich new data on New York State teachers to: determine how much variation
in the average attributes of teachers exists across schools, identify schools that have the …

This paper examines the effects of different child-care arrangements on children's cognitive
and social proficiencies at the start of kindergarten. Using data from the Early Childhood …

There are fierce debates over the best way to prepare teachers. Some argue that easing
entry into teaching is necessary to attract strong candidates, whereas others argue that …

Researchers and policymakers often assume that teacher turnover harms student achievement,
though recent studies suggest this may not be the case. Using a unique identification …

We developed a zero-to-five index of the strength of accountability in 50 states based on the
use of high-stakes testing to sanction and reward schools, and analyzed whether that index …

Large systematic differences in young children’s home learning experiences have long-term
economic consequences. Many parenting programs place significant demands on parents’ …

Low-achieving students often are taught by the least-qualified teachers. These disparities
begin when teachers take their first jobs, and in urban areas they are worsened by teachers’ …

While the importance of effective principals is undisputed, few studies have identified specific
skills that principals need to promote school success. This study draws on unique data …

Whether the goal is to identify and describe trends and variation in populations, create new
measures of key phenomena, or describe samples in studies aimed at identifying causal …

School accountability—the process of evaluating school performance on the basis of student
performance measures—is increasingly prevalent around the world. In the United States, …