In the last 15 years, economists and economic historians have argued that Africa has
undergone a “reversal of fortune” and that ethnic fragmentation is a significant cause of Africa's …

In the late nineteenth century, the North American bison was brought to the brink of extinction
in less than two decades. We demonstrate that the loss of the bison had immediate, …

Objectives There is a long-standing history of protests in response to police killings of African
American citizens. However, it remains a largely unanswered question as to whether these …

Do collective bargaining rights for law enforcement result in more civilian deaths at the hands
of the police? Using an event-study design, we find that the introduction of duty to bargain …

For nearly three centuries, Indigenous peoples within the borders of present-day Canada
engaged in treaty-making with the British Crown and other European powers. These treaties …

In 2015 and 2016, US homicide rates rose dramatically amid two historic social phenomena:
a police legitimacy crisis related to an alleged “Ferguson effect” and the opioid epidemic. …

There is widespread concern among activists and legal scholars that Law Enforcement Officers'
Bills of Rights (LEOBRs) limit police accountability and potentially impact the use of force…

WHAT WAS THE IMPACT of the transatlantic slave trade on African economies and societies?
Traditional answers have tended to focus on depopulation. Studies by McEvedy and …

There is little empirical evidence as to whether protests against policy brutality impact the
behavior of police forces. We seek to close this gap by considering the impact of the racial civil …

This address, the Doug Purvis Memorial Lecture presented at the 56th Annual Meetings of
the Canadian Economics Association in June 2022, discusses the evolution of the use of …