We construct dynamic measures of the ideology of a state's citizens and political leaders,
using the roll call voting scores of state congressional delegations, the outcomes of …

Disciplining the Poor explains the transformation of poverty governance over the past forty
years—why it happened, how it works today, and how it affects people. In the process, it …

Berry et al.'s (1998) measures of US state citizen and government ideology rely on unadjusted
interest-group ratings for a state's members of Congress to infer information about (1) the …

Welfare sanctions are financial penalties applied to individuals who fail to comply with
welfare program rules. Their widespread use reflects a turn toward disciplinary approaches to …

We propose a measure of voter ideology which combines party manifesto data compiled by
Budge, Robertson, Heari, Klingemann, and Volkens (1992) and updated by Volkens (1995), …

In this article, we seek to advance scholarship on the origins and consequences of policy
devolution by analyzing state decisions to give local authorities control over welfare policy. The …

On the assumption that poor people migrate to obtain better welfare benefits, the magnet
hypothesis predicts that a state's poverty rate increases when its welfare benefit rises faster …

One of welfare reform’s most significant consequences is the devolution of policy‐making
authority from the federal government and states to local governments and frontline workers. …

Political elites, in their efforts to exercise social control while maintaining legitimacy, respond
to civil unrest by expanding the relief rolls. This response is not guaranteed, however, and …

The idea for a ‘broadcasting university’ ismost commonly associatedwith the founding of
theOpen University (OU). Established in 1969, the OU’s use of television to facilitate thedelivery …