… Bachman and Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal from the National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development (NICHD; 1RO3HD056019-01A1). This study was conducted by the NICHD …

… Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal, School of Education and … Votruba-Drzal, 2040 Sheridan Road,
Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-4100. Electronic mail …

Children's early approaches to learning (ATL) enhance their adaptation to the demands
they experience with the start of formal schooling. The current study uses individual growth …

In the United States, does growing up in a poor household cause negative developmental
outcomes for children? Hundreds of studies have documented statistical associations …

… , write Greg Duncan, Katherine Magnuson, and Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal. As they struggle to
get by … The theoretical case is strong, and Duncan, Magnuson, and Votruba-Drzal find solid …

Despite recent growth in research highlighting the potential of teacher–child relationships to
promote children’s development during the early years of school, questions remain about …

Results from a longitudinal study of 2402 low-income families during the recent unprecedented
era of welfare reform suggest that mothers' transitions off welfare and into employment …

Early home learning environments are the result of interactions between the developing
children and the opportunity structures provided by their families. Income is one of several …

A large literature has documented the influence of family economic resources on child
development, yet income's effects in middle childhood have been understudied. Using data from …

Poverty is a common experience for children growing up in the United States. Although only
about one in five children are in poverty each year, roughly one in three will spend at least …