Little is known about the American public’s policy preferences at the level of Congressional
districts, state legislative districts, and local municipalities. In this article, we overcome the …

While it is widely agreed that Congress has polarized over the past 40 years, there is
considerable disagreement about the extent of public polarization and its connection to …

Municipal governments play a vital role in American democracy, as well as in governments
around the world. Despite this, little is known about the degree to which cities are responsive …

Primary voters are frequently characterized as an ideologically extreme subset of their party,
and thus partially responsible for party polarization in government. This study uses a …

Moderates are often overlooked in contemporary research on American voters. Many scholars
who have examined moderates argue that these individuals are only classified as such …

Over the past decade, a number of new measures have been developed that attempt to
capture the political orientation of both incumbent and nonincumbent candidates for Congress, …

Do citizens hold congressional candidates accountable for their policy positions? Recent
studies reach different conclusions on this important question. In line with the predictions of …

Recent scholarship has documented the advantages of a new measure of partisan gerrymandering:
the difference in the parties' wasted votes, divided by the total number of votes cast. …

Using new data on roll-call voting of US state legislators and public opinion in their districts,
we explain how ideological polarization of voters within districts can lead to legislative …

In this report, we explain the methodology of Nationscape and the procedures used to estimate
population quantities. We evaluate the representativeness of Nationscape by replicating …