RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Remote Schooling and Mothers’ Employment During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Race, Education, and Marital Status
JF RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
FD Russell Sage Foundation
SP 134
OP 158
DO 10.7758/RSF.2023.9.3.06
VO 9
IS 3
A1 Liana Christin Landivar
A1 William J. Scarborough
A1 Leah Ruppanner
A1 Caitlyn M. Collins
A1 Lloyd Rouse
YR 2023
UL http://www.rsfjournal.org/content/9/3/134.abstract
AB Public schools in the United States saw unprecedented reductions to in-person instruction during the 2020–2021 school year. Using the Elementary School Operating Status database, the American Community Survey, and the Current Population Survey, we show remote instruction was associated with reduced employment among mothers compared with fathers and women without children. The gender gap in employment between mothers and fathers grew as much as 5 percentage points in areas with remote instruction. Compared to women without children, mothers’ employment fell by as much as 2 percentage points under remote schooling. Employment disparities among mothers deepened by race, educational attainment, and marital status. We show employment disparities endured through spring 2021, even as many school districts returned to in-person instruction.