RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 County Dependence on Monetary Sanctions: Implications for Women’s Incarceration JF RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences FD Russell Sage Foundation SP 157 OP 172 DO 10.7758/RSF.2022.8.2.08 VO 8 IS 2 A1 O’Neill, Kate K. A1 Smith, Tyler A1 Kennedy, Ian YR 2022 UL http://www.rsfjournal.org/content/8/2/157.abstract AB Although men’s incarceration rates have declined in the United States, women’s have stayed steady and even risen in some areas. At the same time, courts have increased their use of monetary sanctions, especially for low-level offenses. We propose that women’s incarceration trends can be partially explained by county dependence on monetary sanctions as a source of revenue. We suggest that monetary sanctions expose female defendants to processes that increase their likelihood of incarceration, especially in counties more reliant on monetary sanctions as a source of revenue, and where women’s poverty rates are high. Using data from Washington State, we find county dependence on monetary sanctions is positively associated with rates of women sentenced to incarceration. Although rural counties’ rates are higher, they depend on monetary sanctions no more than nonrural counties do.