Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF & How to Propose an Issue
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Article Submission Checklist
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Publications
    • rsf

User menu

  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
  • Publications
    • rsf
  • Log in
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Advanced Search

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF & How to Propose an Issue
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Article Submission Checklist
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Follow rsf on Twitter
  • Visit rsf on Facebook
  • Follow rsf on Google Plus
Research Article
Open Access

Disconnected Young Adults: Increasing Engagement and Opportunity

Pamela Loprest, Shayne Spaulding, Demetra Smith Nightingale
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences December 2019, 5 (5) 221-243; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2019.5.5.11
Pamela Loprest
aA senior fellow at the Urban Institute
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Shayne Spaulding
bA senior fellow at the Urban Institute
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Demetra Smith Nightingale
cAn institute fellow at the Urban Institute
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

REFERENCES

  1. ↵
    1. Abel, Jaison R., and
    2. Richard Deitz
    . 2014. “Do the Benefits of College Still Outweigh the Costs?” Current Issues in Economics and Finance 20(3): 1—11.
    OpenUrl
  2. ↵
    1. Abraham, Katharine G., and
    2. Melissa S. Kearney
    . 2018. “Explaining the Decline in the U.S. Employment-to-Population Ratio: A Review of the Evidence.” NBER working paper no. 24333. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  3. ↵
    1. Adams, Gina,
    2. Martha Zaslow, and
    3. Kathryn Tout
    . 2007. “Early Care and Education for Children in Low-Income Families: Patterns of Use, Quality, and Potential Policy Implications.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  4. ↵
    1. Aguiar, Mark,
    2. Mark Bils,
    3. Kerwin Kofi Charles, and
    4. Erik Hurst
    . 2017. “Leisure Luxuries and the Labor Supply of Young Men.” NBER working paper no. 23552. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  5. ↵
    1. Aizer, Anna, and
    2. Joseph J. Doyle Jr.
    . 2015. “Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital, and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 130(2): 759–803.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  6. ↵
    1. Autor, David H.,
    2. Lawrence F. Katz, and
    3. Melissa S. Kearney
    . 2008. “Trends in U.S. Wage Inequality: Revising the Revisionists.” Review of Economics and Statistics 90(2): 300–23.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  7. ↵
    1. Barnow, Burt S., and
    2. Shayne Spaulding
    . 2015. “Employer Involvement in Workforce Programs: What Do We Know?” In Transforming U.S. Workforce Development Policies for the 21st Century, edited by Carl Van Horne, Tammy Edwards, and Todd Greene. Kalamazoo, Mich.: W.E. Upjohn Center for Employment Research.
  8. ↵
    1. Bell, David B., and
    2. David G. Blanchflower
    . 2011. “Young People and the Great Recession.” IZA discussion paper no. 5674. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics.
  9. ↵
    1. Berzin, Stephanie Cosner, and
    2. Allison C. De Marco
    . 2010. “Understanding the Impact of Poverty on Critical Events in Emerging Adulthood.” Youth & Society 42(2): 278–300.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  10. ↵
    1. Borjas, George J., and
    2. Richard B. Freeman
    . 2019. “From Immigrants to Robots: The Changing Locus of Substitutes for Workers.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5(5): 22–42. DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2019.5.5.02.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  11. ↵
    1. Canon, Maria,
    2. Marianna Kudlyak, and
    3. Yang Liu
    . 2015. “Youth Labor Force Participation Continues To Fall, But It Might Be for a Good Reason.” Regional Economist, January 26. St. Louis, Mo.: Federal Reserve Bank.
  12. ↵
    1. Card, David, and
    2. Thomas Lemieux
    . 1997. “Adapting to Circumstances: The Evolution of Work, School, and Living Arrangements Among North American Youth.” NBER working paper no. 6142. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  13. ↵
    1. Carson, E. Ann
    . 2018. “Prisoners in 2016.” Bulletin NCJ251149. Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
  14. ↵
    1. Case Western Reserve University
    . 2016. The Benefits and Costs of Apprenticeship: A Business Perspective. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce. Accessed June 27, 2019. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED572260.pdf.
  15. ↵
    1. Chase-Lansdale, P. Lindsay, and
    2. Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
    . 2014. “Two-Generation Programs in the Twenty-First Century.” The Future of Children 24(1): 13–39.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  16. ↵
    1. Chien, Nina
    . 2015. “Estimates of Child Care Eligibility and Receipt for Fiscal Year 2012.” Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  17. ↵
    1. Child Trends
    . 2012. Young Adults in Jail or Prison. Washington, D.C.: Child Trends. Accessed June 27, 2019. https://www.childtrends.org/indicators/young-adults-in-jail-or-prison.
  18. ↵
    1. Choitz, Vicki, with
    2. Louis Soares and
    3. Rachel Pleasants
    . 2010. “A New National Approach to Career Navigation for Working Learners.” Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress.
  19. ↵
    1. Community Solutions
    . 2017. “Opportunity Youth Incentive Fund Annual Evaluation Report, Year 2.” Washington, D.C.: Aspen Institute.
  20. ↵
    1. Davis, Johnathan M.V., and
    2. Sara B. Heller
    . 2017. “Rethinking the Benefits of Youth Employment Programs: The Heterogeneous Effects of Summer Jobs.” NBER working paper no. 23443. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  21. ↵
    1. Davis, Lois M.,
    2. Robert Bozick,
    3. Jennifer L. Steele,
    4. Jessica Saunders, and
    5. Jeremy N.V. Miles
    . 2013. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education: A Meta-Analysis of Programs That Provide Education to Incarcerated Adults. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation.
  22. ↵
    1. Dawson, Steven L
    . 2016. “Employer Engagement and the Myth of the Dual Customer.” The Pinkerton Papers, Job Quality Series, no. 2. New York: Pinkerton Press.
  23. ↵
    1. Dobbins, Dionne,
    2. Jessica Tercha,
    3. Michelle McCready, and
    4. Anita Liu
    . 2016. Child Care Deserts: Developing Solutions to Child Care Supply and Demand. Arlington, Va.: Child Care Aware of America.
  24. ↵
    1. Dougherty, Shaun M
    . 2018. “The Effect of Career and Technical Education on Human Capital Accumulation: Causal Evidence from Massachusetts.” Education Finance and Policy 13(2): 119–48.
    OpenUrl
  25. ↵
    1. Dutta-Gupta, Indivar,
    2. Kali Grant,
    3. Matthew Eckel, and
    4. Peter Edelman
    . 2016. Lessons Learned from 40 Years of Subsidized Employment Programs: A Framework, Review of Models, and Recommendations for Helping Disadvantaged Workers. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University, Center on Poverty and Inequality.
  26. ↵
    1. Eby, Lillian T.,
    2. Tammy D. Allen,
    3. Sarah C. Evans,
    4. Thomas Ng, and
    5. David DuBois
    . 2008. “Does Mentoring Matter? A Multidisciplinary Meta-Analysis Comparing Mentored and Non-Mentored Individuals.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 72(2): 254–67.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  27. ↵
    1. Edelman, Peter B., and
    2. Harry J. Holzer
    . 2013. “Connecting the Disconnected: Improving Education and Employment Outcomes Among Disadvantaged Youth.” IZA policy paper no. 56. Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor. Accessed June 27, 2019. http://ftp.iza.org/pp56.pdf.
  28. ↵
    1. Edelman, Peter B.,
    2. Harry J. Holzer, and
    3. Paul Offner
    . 2006. “Reconnecting Disadvantaged Young Men.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  29. ↵
    1. Ellwood, David
    . 1986. “The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Are There Jobs Missing in the Ghetto?” In The Black Youth Employment Crisis, edited by Richard Freeman and Harry J. Holzer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  30. ↵
    1. Esperian, John H
    . 2010. “The Effect of Prison Education Programs on Recidivism.” Journal of Correctional Education 61(4): 316–34.
    OpenUrl
  31. ↵
    1. Eyster, Lauren,
    2. Theresa Anderson,
    3. Robert Lerman,
    4. Daniel Kuehn,
    5. Burt S. Barnow,
    6. Maureen Conway,
    7. Ranita Jain, and
    8. Marcela Montes
    . 2018. “Findings from the Accelerating Opportunity Evaluation: Building the Evidence on Integrated Career Pathways.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  32. ↵
    1. Fein, David, and
    2. Jill Hamadyk
    . 2018. “Bridging the Opportunity Divide for Low-Income Youth: Implementation and Early Impacts of the Year Up Program.” OPRE report no. 2018-65, Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families.
  33. ↵
    1. Florence, Curtis,
    2. Luo Feijun,
    3. Likang Xu, and
    4. Chao Zhou
    . 2016. “The Economic Burden of Prescription Opioid Overdose, Abuse and Dependence in the United States, 2013.” MedCare 54(10): 901–06.
    OpenUrl
  34. ↵
    1. Freeman, Richard B., and
    2. David Wise
    . 1982. The Youth Labor Market Problem: Its Nature, Causes, and Consequences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  35. ↵
    1. Granovetter, Mark
    . 1995. Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  36. ↵
    1. Hellerstein, Judith K.,
    2. David Neumark, and
    3. Melissa McInerney
    . 2008. “Spatial Mismatch or Racial Mismatch?” Journal of Urban Economics 64(2): 464–79.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  37. ↵
    1. Hendra, Richard,
    2. David Greenberg,
    3. Gayle Hamilton,
    4. Ari Oppenheim,
    5. Alexandra Pennington,
    6. Kelsey Schaberg, and
    7. Betsy Tessler
    . 2016. “Encouraging Evidence on a Sector-Focused Advancement Strategy: Two-Year Impacts from the WorkAdvance Demonstration.” New York: MDRC.
  38. ↵
    1. Henly, Julia R., and
    2. Gina Adams
    . 2018. “Increasing Access to Quality Child Care for Four Priority Populations: Challenges and Opportunities with CCDBG Reauthorization.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  39. ↵
    1. Hock, Heinrich,
    2. Dara Lee Luca,
    3. Tim Kautz, and
    4. David Stapleton
    . 2017. “Improving the Outcomes of Youth with Medical Limitations Through Comprehensive Training and Employment Services: Evidence from the National Job Corps Study.” Washington, D.C.: Mathematica Policy Research.
  40. ↵
    1. Holzer, Harry J., and
    2. Sandy Baum
    . 2017. Making College Work: Pathways to Success for Disadvantaged Students. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
  41. ↵
    1. Holzer, Harry J.,
    2. Paul Offner, and
    3. Elaine Sorensen
    . 2005. “Declining Employment among Young Black Less-Educated Men: The Role of Incarceration and Child Support.” Journal of Policy Analysis Management 24(2): 329–50.
    OpenUrl
  42. ↵
    1. Holzer, Harry J.,
    2. Steven Raphael, and
    3. Michael A. Stoll
    . 2006. “Perceived Criminality, Criminal Background Checks and the Racial Hiring Practices of Employers.” Journal of Law and Economics 49(2): 451–80.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  43. ↵
    1. Jacob, Brian A
    . 2017. “What We Know About Career and Technical Education in High School.” Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
  44. ↵
    1. Kemple, James J
    . 2008. “Career Academies: Long-Term Impacts on Labor Market Outcomes, Educational Attainment, and Transitions to Adulthood.” New York: MDRC.
  45. ↵
    1. Kochan, Thomas A., and
    2. William T. Kimball
    . 2019. “Unions, Worker Voice, and Management Practices: Implications for a High-Productivity, High-Wage Economy.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5(5): 88–108. DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2019.5.5.05.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  46. ↵
    1. Kreisman, Daniel, and
    2. Kevin Stange
    . 2017. “Vocational and Career Tech Education in American High Schools: The Value of Depth Over Breadth.” NBER working paper no. 23851. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  47. ↵
    1. Krueger, Alan B
    . 2017. “Where Have All the Workers Gone? An Inquiry into the Decline of the U.S. Labor Force Participation Rate.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2017(2): 1–87.
    OpenUrl
  48. ↵
    1. Kuehn, Daniel P
    . 2017. “Diversity and Inclusion in Apprenticeship Expansion.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  49. ↵
    1. Lerman, Robert, and
    2. Arnold Packer
    . 2015. “Youth Apprenticeship: A Hopeful Approach for Improving Outcomes for Baltimore Youth.” The Abell Report 28(2).
  50. ↵
    1. Liberman, Akiva M., and
    2. Jocelyn Faintaine
    . 2015. “Reducing Harms to Boys and Young Men of Color from Criminal Justice Involvement.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  51. ↵
    1. Loprest, Pamela, and
    2. Cheryl Hyman
    . 2018. “Stepping on the Gas: Community Colleges as Engines of Economic Mobility.” Washington, D.C.: US Partnership for Mobility from Poverty.
  52. ↵
    1. Magnuson, Katherine, and
    2. Jane Waldfogel
    . 2005. “Early Childhood Care and Education: Effects on Ethnic and Racial Gaps in School Readiness.” Future of Children 15(1): 169–96.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  53. ↵
    1. Maguire, Sheila,
    2. Joshua Freely,
    3. Carol Clymer,
    4. Maureen Conway, and
    5. Deena Schwartz
    . 2010. “Tuning In to Local Labor Markets: Findings From the Sectoral Employment Impact Study.” Philadelphia, Pa.: Public Private Ventures.
  54. ↵
    1. Manlove, Jennifer, and
    2. Hannah Lantos
    . 2018. “Data Point: Half of 20-to-29-Year-Old Women Who Gave Birth in Their Teens Have a High School Diploma.” Washington, D.C.: Child Trends.
  55. ↵
    1. Martin, Joyce A.,
    2. Brady E. Hamilton,
    3. Michelle J. Osterman,
    4. Anne K. Driscoll, and
    5. Patrick Drake
    . 2018. “Births: Final Data for 2016.” Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics.
  56. ↵
    1. Mayor’s Office of Workforce Development
    . 2017. “Reducing Inequality Summer by Summer: An Analysis of the Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Boston’s Summer Youth Employment Program.” Boston, Mass.: Mayor’s Office of Workforce Development.
  57. ↵
    1. McCready, Michelle
    . 2015. “Parents and the High Cost of Child Care: 2015 Report.” Arlington, Va.: Child Care Aware of America.
  58. ↵
    1. Meyer, Bruce
    . 2010. “The Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit and Recent Reforms.” In NBER Book Series Tax Policy and the Economy, edited by Jeffrey R. Brown. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  59. ↵
    1. Millenky, Megan,
    2. Dan Bloom,
    3. Sara Muller-Ravett, and
    4. Joseph Broadus
    . 2011. “Staying the Course: Three-Year Results of the National Guard Youth Challenge Program.” New York: MDRC.
  60. ↵
    1. Miller, Cynthia,
    2. Lawrence Katz,
    3. Gilda Azurdia,
    4. Adam Isen, and
    5. Caroline Schultz
    . 2017. Expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit for Workers Without Dependent Children: Interim Findings from the Paycheck Plus Demonstration in New York City. New York: MDRC.
  61. ↵
    1. Miller, Cynthia,
    2. Megan Millenky,
    3. Lisa Schwartz,
    4. Lisbeth Goble,
    5. Jillian Stein
    . 2016. Building a Future: Interim Impact Findings from the YouthBuild Evaluation. New York: MDRC.
  62. ↵
    1. Morissette, René,
    2. Ping Ching
    3. Winnie Chan, and
    4. Yuqian Lu
    . 2015. “Wages, Youth Employment, and School Enrollment: Recent Evidence from Increases in World Oil Prices.” Journal of Human Resources 50(1): 222–53.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  63. ↵
    1. Mortimer, Jeylan T
    . 2010. “The Benefits and Risks of Adolescent Employment.” Prevention Research 17(2): 8–11.
    OpenUrl
  64. ↵
    1. Mosle, Anne, and
    2. Nisha Patel
    . 2012. “Two Generations, One Future: Moving Parents and Children beyond Poverty Together.” Washington, D.C.: Aspen Institute.
  65. ↵
    1. Mroz, Thomas, and
    2. Timothy H. Savage
    . 2006. “The Long-Term Effects of Youth Unemployment.” Journal of Human Resources 41(2): 259–93.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  66. ↵
    1. Mueller-Smith, Michael
    . 2015. “The Criminal and Labor Market Impacts of Incarceration.” Working paper. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
  67. ↵
    1. National Institute on Drug Abuse
    . 2015. “Abuse of Prescription Drugs Affects Young Adults Most.” Washington, D.C.: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Accessed June 27, 2019. https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/abuse-prescription-rx-drugs-affects-young-adults-most.
  68. ↵
    1. National Student Clearinghouse
    . 2018. “Yearly Success and Progress Rates (Fall 2011 Entering Cohort).” Snapshot Report. Washington, D.C.: National Student Clearinghouse Research Center.
  69. ↵
    1. Pager, Devah
    . 2003. “The Mark of a Criminal Record.” American Journal of Sociology 108: 937–75.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  70. ↵
    1. Pager, Devah,
    2. Bruce Western, and
    3. Bart Bonikowski
    . 2009. “Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field Experiment.” American Sociological Review 74(5): 777–99.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  71. ↵
    1. Rawlings, Lynette A
    . 2015. “Understanding the Environmental Contexts of Boys and Young Men of Color.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  72. ↵
    1. Ready Nation
    . 2017. “The Business Case for Early Childhood Investments.” Washington, D.C.: Council for a Strong America.
  73. ↵
    1. Reed, Debbie,
    2. Albert Yung-Hsu Liu,
    3. Rebecca Kleinman,
    4. Annalisa Mastri,
    5. Davin Reed,
    6. Samina Sattar, and
    7. Jessica Ziegler
    . 2012. “An Effectiveness Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Registered Apprenticeship in 10 States.” Oakland, Calif.: Mathematica Policy Research Associates.
  74. ↵
    1. Rodgers, William M., III.
    . 2019. “Race in the Labor Market: The Role of Equal Employment Opportunity and Other Policies.” RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5(5): 198–220. DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2019.5.5.10.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  75. ↵
    1. Ross, Martha
    . 2018. “Let’s Invest in Summer Jobs Programs to Maximize Their Impact.” Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
  76. ↵
    1. Schochet, Peter,
    2. John Burghardt, and
    3. Sheena McConnell
    . 2008. “Does Job Corps Work? Impact Findings from the National Job Corps Study.” American Economic Review 98(5): 1864–86.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  77. ↵
    1. Scott, Elisabeth S., and
    2. Laurence Steinberg
    . 2008. “Adolescent Development and the Regulation of Youth Crime.” Future of Children 18(2): 15–33.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  78. ↵
    1. Scrivener, Susan,
    2. Michael Weiss,
    3. Alyssa Ratledge,
    4. Timothy Rudd,
    5. Colleen Sommo, and
    6. Hannah Fresques
    . 2015. “Doubling Graduation Rates: Three Year Effects of CUNY’s Accelerated Study in Associate Program’s for Developmental Education Students.” New York: MDRC.
  79. ↵
    1. Shambaugh, Jay, and
    2. Ryan Nunn
    . 2018. Revitalizing Wage Growth: Policies to Get American Workers a Raise. Hamilton Project. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
  80. ↵
    1. Sick, Nathan,
    2. Shayne Spaulding, and
    3. Yuhu Park
    . 2018. “Understanding Young-Parent Families: A Profile of Parents Ages 18 to 24 Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  81. ↵
    1. Sommo, Colleen,
    2. Dan Cullinan, and
    3. Michelle S. Manno
    . 2018. “Doubling Graduation Rates in a New State: Two-Year Findings from the ASAP Ohio Demonstration.” New York: MDRC.
  82. ↵
    1. Spaulding, Shayne, and
    2. David C. Blount
    . 2018. “Employer Engagement by Community-Based Organizations: Meeting the Needs of Job Seekers with Barriers to Success in the Labor Market.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  83. ↵
    1. Spaulding, Shayne,
    2. Teresa Derrick-Mills, and
    3. Thomas Callan
    . 2016. “Supporting Parents Who Work and Go to School: A Portrait of Students Who Are Employed.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  84. ↵
    1. Spaulding, Shayne, and
    2. Semhar Gebrekristos
    . 2018. “Family-Centered Approaches to Workforce Program Services: Findings from a Survey of Workforce Development Boards.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  85. ↵
    1. Spaulding, Shayne,
    2. Jean Baldwin Grossman, and
    3. Dee Wallace
    . 2009. “Working Dads: Final Report on the Fathers at Work Initiative.” Philadelphia, Pa.: Public/Private Ventures.
  86. ↵
    1. Spaulding, Shayne,
    2. Robert L. Lerman,
    3. Harry J. Holzer, and
    4. Lauren Eyster
    . 2015. “Expanding Economic Opportunity for Young Men and Boys of Color Through Employment and Training.” Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
  87. ↵
    1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
    . 2014. SAMHSA’s Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Approach. HHS publication no. (SMA) 14-4884. Rockville, Md.: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
  88. ↵
    1. Treskon, Louisa
    . 2016. “What Works for Disconnected Young People: A Scan of the Evidence.” MDRC working paper. New York: MDRC.
  89. ↵
    1. Twenge, Jean, and
    2. Heejung Park
    . 2017. “The Decline in Adult Activities Among U.S. Adolescents, 1976–2016.” Child Development. DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12930
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  90. ↵
    1. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
    . 2018. “BLS Data Finder 1.1: Various Series from Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey.” Washington: U.S. Department of Labor. Accessed July 1, 2018. https://beta.bls.gov/dataQuery/find?fq=survey:%5Bln%5D&s=popularity:D.
  91. ↵
    1. U.S. Census Bureau
    . 2019. “Current Population Survey 2018 Annual Social and Economic (ASEC) Supplement.” Washington: Census Bureau. Downloaded May 1, 2019. https://thedataweb.rm.census.gov/ftp/cps_ftp.html#cpsmarch.
  92. ↵
    1. U.S. Department of Education
    . 2018. Digest of Education Statistics 2016. Washington: National Center for Education Statistics.
  93. ↵
    1. U.S. Department of Labor
    . 2018. “Youth Career Connect Evaluation Project Summary.” Washington: U.S. Department of Labor Chief Evaluation Office.
  94. ↵
    1. W. Haywood Burns Institute
    . 2016. “Stemming the Rising Tide: Racial & Ethnic Disparities in Youth Incarceration & Strategies for Change.” Oakland, Calif.: W. Haywood Burns Institute.
  95. ↵
    1. Warner, Miya,
    2. Kyra Caspary,
    3. Nicole Arshan,
    4. Regie Stites,
    5. Christine Padilla,
    6. Deepa Patel,
    7. Matt McCracken,
    8. Erin Harless,
    9. C. J. Park,
    10. Laila Fahimuddin, and
    11. Nancy Adelman
    . 2016. “Taking Stock of the California Linked Learning District Initiative: Seventh-Year Evaluation Report.” Menlo Park, Calif.: SRI International.
  96. ↵
    1. Western, Bruce
    . 2006. Punishment and Inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  97. ↵
    1. Yeager, David S.,
    2. Gregory M. Walton,
    3. Shannon T. Brady,
    4. Ezgi N. Akcinar,
    5. David Paunesku,
    6. Laura Keane,
    7. Donald Kamentz,
    8. Gretchen Ritter,
    9. Angela Lee Duckworth,
    10. Robert Urstein,
    11. Eric M. Gomez,
    12. Hazel Rose Markus,
    13. Geoffrey L. Cohen, and
    14. Carol S. Dweck
    . 2016. “Teaching a Lay Theory Before College Narrows Achievement Gaps at Scale.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113(24): E3341–48.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 5 (5)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 5, Issue 5
1 Dec 2019
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Disconnected Young Adults: Increasing Engagement and Opportunity
(Your Name) has sent you a message from RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
1 + 0 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
Disconnected Young Adults: Increasing Engagement and Opportunity
Pamela Loprest, Shayne Spaulding, Demetra Smith Nightingale
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Dec 2019, 5 (5) 221-243; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2019.5.5.11

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Disconnected Young Adults: Increasing Engagement and Opportunity
Pamela Loprest, Shayne Spaulding, Demetra Smith Nightingale
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences Dec 2019, 5 (5) 221-243; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2019.5.5.11
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • EMPLOYMENT AND DISCONNECTION AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE
    • CAUSES OF YOUTH DISCONNECTION
    • CONSEQUENCES OF DISCONNECTION AMONG YOUTH
    • PROGRAM AND POLICY SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE ENGAGEMENT AND OPPORTUNITY
    • IMPROVING COMMUNITY COLLEGES TO BETTER SERVE DISCONNECTED YOUTH
    • REDUCING BARRIERS TO WORK AND SCHOOLING
    • ADDRESSING DEMAND-SIDE ISSUES
    • CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL THOUGHTS
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • youth
  • disconnected
  • employment
  • unemployment
  • education
  • training

© 2025 RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Powered by HighWire