Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Publications
    • rsf

User menu

  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
  • Publications
    • rsf
  • Log in
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Advanced Search

  • Foundation Website
  • Journal Home
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • All Issues
    • Future Issues
  • For Authors and Editors
    • Overview of RSF
    • RSF Style and Submission Guidelines
    • Permission Request
    • Terms of Contributor Agreement Form and Transfer of Copyright
    • RSF Contributor Agreement Form
    • Issue Editors' Agreement Form
  • About the Journal
    • Mission Statement
    • Editorial Board
    • Comments and Replies Policy
    • Journal Code of Ethics
    • Current Calls for Articles
    • Closed Calls for Articles
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright and ISSN Information
    • Terms of Use
    • Contact Us
  • Follow rsf on Twitter
  • Visit rsf on Facebook
  • Follow rsf on Google Plus
Research Article
Open Access

Introduction: Inequality of Economic Opportunity

Katharine Bradbury, Robert K. Triest
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences May 2016, 2 (2) 1-43; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2016.2.2.01
Katharine Bradbury
aSenior economist and policy advisor at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Robert K. Triest
bVice president and economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Additional
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

REFERENCES

  1. ↵
    1. Aaronson, Daniel, and
    2. Bhashkar Mazumder
    . 2008. “Intergenerational Economic Mobility in the United States, 1940 to 2000.” Journal of Human Resources 43(1): 139–72.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  2. ↵
    1. Almond, Douglas
    . 2006. “Is the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Over? Long-Term Effects of in Utero Influenza Exposure in the Post-1940 U.S. Population.” Journal of Political Economy 114(4): 672–712.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  3. ↵
    Almond, Douglas, and Janet Currie. 2011a. “Human Capital Development Before Age Five.” In Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 4B, edited by David Card and Orley Ashenfelter. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier.
  4. ↵
    1. Almond, Douglas, and
    2. Janet Currie
    . 2011b. “Killing Me Softly: The Fetal Origins Hypothesis.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 25(3): 153–72.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  5. ↵
    Almond, Douglas, Lena Edlund, Hongbin Li, and Junsen Zhang. 2010. “Long-Term Effects of Early-Life Development: Evidence from the 1959 to 1961 China Famine.” In The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia, NBER-EASE vol. 19. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  6. ↵
    1. Almond, Douglas,
    2. Hilary W. Hoynes, , and
    3. Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
    . 2011. “Inside the War on Poverty: The Impact of Food Stamps on Birth Outcomes.” Review of Economics and Statistics 93(2): 387–403.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  7. ↵
    Altonji, Joseph G., and Richard K. Mansfield. 2011. “The Role of Family, School, and Community Characteristics in Inequality in Education and Labor-Market Outcomes.” In Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances, edited by Greg J. Duncan and Richard J. Murnane. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  8. ↵
    Aud, Susan, William Hussar, Frank Johnson, Grace Kena, Erin Roth, Eileen Manning, Xiaolei Wang, and Jijun Zhang. 2012. The Condition of Education 2012. NCES 2012–045. Washington: U.S. Department of Education.
  9. ↵
    Aud, Susan, Angelina KewalRamani, and Lauren Frohlich. 2011. America's Youth: Transitions to Adulthood. NCES 2012–026. Washington: U.S. Department of Education.
  10. ↵
    Avery, Christopher, Jessica S. Howell, and Lindsay Page. 2014. “A Review of the Role of College Counseling, Coaching, and Mentoring on Students’ Postsecondary Outcomes.” College Board Research, Research Brief (October). New York: The College Board. Accessed January 3, 2016. http://research.collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/publications/2015/1/college-board-research-brief-role-college-counseling-coaching-mentoring-postsecondary-outcomes.pdf.
  11. ↵
    1. Baker, Bruce D
    . 2009. “Within-District Resource Allocation and the Marginal Costs of Providing Equal Educational Opportunity: Evidence from Texas and Ohio.” Education Policy Analysis Archives 17(3): 1–31. Accessed January 3, 2016. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ835083.pdf.
    OpenUrl
  12. ↵
    Bailey, Martha J., and Susan M. Dynarski. 2011. “Inequality in Postsecondary Education.” In Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances, edited by Greg J. Duncan and Richard J. Murnane. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  13. ↵
    1. Becker, Gary, and
    2. Nigel Tomes
    . 1979. “An Equilibrium Theory of the Distribution of Income and Intergenerational Mobility.” Journal of Political Economy 87(6): 1153–89.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  14. ↵
    Belley, Philippe, and Lance Lochner. 2007. “The Changing Role of Family Income and Ability in Determining Educational Achievement.” NBER working paper 13527. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  15. ↵
    Bernstein, Jared. 2014. “The Impact of Inequality on Growth.” Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress.
  16. ↵
    1. Bettinger, Eric P.,
    2. Bridget Terry Long, ,
    3. Philip Oreopoulos, , and
    4. Lisa Sanbonmatsu
    . 2012. “The Role of Application Assistance and Information in College Decisions: Results from the H&R Block FAFSA Experiment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 127(3): 1205–42.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  17. ↵
    Bingley, Paul, Miles Corak, and Niels Westergard-Nielsen. 2011. “The Intergenerational Transmission of Employers in Canada and Denmark.” IZA discussion paper series no. 5593 (March). Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor.
  18. ↵
    Bischoff, Kendra, and Sean F. Reardon. 2014. “Residential Segregation by Income 1970–2009.” In Diversity and Disparities: America Enters a New Century, edited by John Logan. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  19. ↵
    Bjorklund, Anders, and Markus Jäntti. 2009. “Intergenerational Income Mobilty and the Role of Family Background.” In The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality, edited by Wiemer Salverda, Brian Nolan, and Timothy M. Smeeding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  20. ↵
    Black, Sandra E., and Paul J. Devereux. 2011. “Recent Developments in Intergenerational Mobility.” In Handbook of Labor Economics, edited by David Card and Orley Ashenfelter. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier.
  21. ↵
    1. Black, Sandra E.,
    2. Paul J. Devereux, , and
    3. Kjell G. Salvanes
    . 2007. “From the Cradle to the Labor Market? The Effect of Birth Weight on Adult Outcomes.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 122(1): 409–39.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  22. ↵
    1. Blanden, Jo
    . 2013. “Cross-Country Rankings in Intergenerational Mobility: A Comparison of Approaches from Economics and Sociology.” Journal of Economic Surveys 27(1): 38–73.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  23. ↵
    1. Blanden, Jo,
    2. Paul Gregg, , and
    3. Lindsey Macmillan
    . 2007. “Accounting for Intergenerational Income Persistence: Noncognitive Skills, Ability, and Education.” Economic Journal 117(519 (March): C43–60.
    OpenUrl
  24. ↵
    1. Blanden, Jo,
    2. Robert Haveman, ,
    3. Timothy Smeeding, , and
    4. Kathryn Wilson
    . 2014. “Intergenerational Mobility in the United States and Great Britain: A Comparative Study of Parent-Child Pathways.” Review of Income and Wealth 60(3 (September): 425–49.
    OpenUrl
  25. ↵
    1. Bloome, Deirdre
    . 2015. “Income Inequality and Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States.” Social Forces 93(3): 1047–80.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  26. ↵
    1. Bloome, Dierdre, and
    2. Bruce Western
    . 2011. “Cohort Change and Racial Differences in Educational and Income Mobility.” Social Forces 90(2): 375–95.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  27. ↵
    Brunori, Paolo, Francisco H.G. Ferreira, and Vito Peragine. 2013. “Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility: Some International Comparisons.” Policy Research working paper no. 6304. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  28. ↵
    Burdick-Will, Julia, Jens Ludwig, Stephen W. Raudenbush, Robert J. Sampson, Lisa Sanbonmatsu, and Patrick Sharkey. 2011. “Converging Evidence on Neighborhood Effects on Children's Test Scores: An Experimental, Quasi-Experimental, and Observational Comparison.” In Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances, edited by Greg J. Duncan and Richard J. Murnane. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  29. ↵
    1. Card, David, and
    2. A. Abigail Payne
    . 2002. “School Finance Reform, the Distribution of School Spending, and the Distribution of Student Test Scores.” Journal of Public Economics 83(1): 49–82.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  30. ↵
    Carrell, Scott, and Bruce Sacerdote. 2013. “Late Interventions Matter Too: The Case of College Coaching in New Hampshire.” Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  31. ↵
    1. Case, Anne,
    2. Darren Lubotsky, , and
    3. Christina Paxson
    . 2002. “Economic Status and Health in Childhood: The Origins of the Gradient.” American Economic Review 92(5): 1308–34.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  32. ↵
    1. Chadwick, Laura, and
    2. Gary Solon
    . 2002. “Intergenerational Income Mobility Among Daughters.” American Economic Review 92(1(March): 335–44.
    OpenUrl
  33. ↵
    1. Chaudhary, Latika
    . 2009. “Education Inputs, Student Performance and School Finance Reform in Michigan.” Economics of Education Review 28(1): 90–98.
    OpenUrl
  34. ↵
    Chetty, Raj, and Nathaniel Hendren. 2015. “The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility: Childhood Exposure Effects and County-Level Estimates.” Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University. Accessed January 3, 2016. http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/hendren/files/nbhds_paper.pdf?m=1430722623.
  35. ↵
    Chetty, Raj, Nathaniel Hendren, and Lawrence F. Katz. 2015. “The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment.” NBER working paper no. 21156. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research..
  36. ↵
    1. Chetty, Raj,
    2. Nathaniel Hendren, ,
    3. Patrick Kline, , and
    4. Emmanuel Saez
    . 2014a. “Where Is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129(4): 1553–623.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  37. ↵
    Chetty, Raj, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, and Emmanuel Saez. 2014b. “Data from Chetty, Hendren, Kline, and Saez (2014): Descriptive Statistics by County and Commuting Zone.” Data downloaded from the Equality of Opportunity Project. Accessed February 2, 2016. http://equality-of-opportunity.org/index.php/data.
  38. ↵
    1. Chetty, Raj,
    2. Nathaniel Hendren, ,
    3. Patrick Kline, ,
    4. Emmanuel Saez, , and
    5. Nicholas Turner
    . 2014. “Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility.” American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 104(5): 141–47.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  39. ↵
    Corak, Miles. 2013a. “Inequality from Generation to Generation: The United States in Comparison.” In The Economics of Inequality, Poverty, and Discrimination in the 21st Century, edited by Robert S. Rycroft. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO.
  40. ↵
    1. Corak, Miles
    . 2013b. “Income Inequality, Equality of Opportunity, and Intergenerational Mobility” Journal of Economic Perspectives 27(3): 79–102.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  41. ↵
    1. Corak, Miles, and
    2. Patrizio Piraino
    . 2011. “The Intergenerational Transmission of Employers.” Journal of Labor Economics 29(1): 37–68.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  42. ↵
    1. Cunha, Flavio, and
    2. James Heckman
    . 2007. “The Technology of Skill Formation.” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 97(2): 31–47.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  43. ↵
    1. Cunha, Flavio, and
    2. James Heckman
    . 2008. “Formulating, Identifying and Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation.” Journal of Human Resources 43(4): 738–82.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  44. ↵
    Cunha, Flavio, James J. Heckman, Lance Lochner, and Dimitriy V. Masterov. 2006. “Interpreting the Evidence on Life Cycle Skill Formation.” In Handbook of the Economics of Education, edited by Eric Hanushek and Finis Welch, vol. 1. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier.
  45. ↵
    1. Cunha, Flavio,
    2. James J. Heckman, , and
    3. Susanne M. Schennach
    . 2010. “Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation.” Econometrica 78(3): 883–931.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  46. ↵
    1. Currie, Janet
    . 2011. “Inequality at Birth: Some Causes and Consequences.” American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 101(3): 1–22.
    OpenUrl
  47. ↵
    1. Currie, Janet, and
    2. Enrico Moretti
    . 2007. “Biology as Destiny? Short-and Long-Run Determinants of Intergenerational Transmission of Birth Weight.” Journal of Labor Economics 25(2): 231–63.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  48. ↵
    1. Currie, Janet, and
    2. Maya Rossin-Slater
    . 2015. “Early-Life Origins of Life-Cycle Well-Being: Research and Policy Implications.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 34(1): 208–42.
    OpenUrl
  49. ↵
    1. Dahl, Gordon B., and
    2. Lance Lochner
    . 2012. “The Impact of Family Income on Child Achievement: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit.” American Economic Review 102(5): 1927–56.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  50. ↵
    1. Deming, David
    . 2009. “Early Childhood Intervention and Life-Cycle Skill Development: Evidence from Head Start.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1(3): 111–34.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  51. ↵
    Duncan, Greg. J., Kenneth T. H. Lee, Ariel Kalil, and Kathleen M. Ziol-Guest. 2015. “Parent Income-Based Gaps in Schooling, Earnings and Family Income: Cross-Cohort Trends in the NLSYs and the PSID.” Accessed February 2, 2016. http://sites.uci.edu/gduncan/files/2013/06/RSF-Memo-Duncan-et-al-010815.pdf.
  52. ↵
    Duncombe, William, Phuong Nguyen-Hoang, and John Yinger. 2015. “Measurement of Cost Differentials” In Handbook of Research in Education and Policy, edited by Helen F. Ladd and Margaret E. Goertz. New York: Routledge.
  53. Economic Policy Institute. 2011. “Unpaid and Exploited? Examining Interns in the U.S. Labor Market.” EPI forum and discussion, May 18. Washington, D.C.: Economic Policy Institute. Accessed December 27, 2015. http://www.epi.org/event/unpaid-and-exploited-examining-interns-in-the-u-s-labor-market.
  54. ↵
    Eisenbrey, Ross. 2012. “Unpaid Internships Hurt Mobility.” Economic Policy Institute blog post, January 12. Accessed April 7, 2016. http://www.epi.org/blog/unpaid-internships-economic-mobility/.
  55. ↵
    Ferreira, Francisco H. G., Christoph Lakner, Maria Ana Lugo, and Berk Ozler. 2014. “Inequality of Opportunity and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis.” Policy Research working paper no. 6915. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  56. ↵
    1. Figlio, David,
    2. Jonathan Guryan, ,
    3. Krzysztof Karbownik, , and
    4. Jeffrey Roth
    . 2014. “The Effects of Poor Neonatal Health on Children's Cognitive Development.” American Economic Review 104(12): 3921–55.
    OpenUrl
  57. ↵
    Fishkin, Joseph. 2014. Bottlenecks: A New Theory of Equal Opportunity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  58. ↵
    Fishkin, Joseph. 2016. “From Subgroups to Bottlenecks: New Directions for the Empirical Study of Intergenerational Mobility: Comments on ‘Multiple Barriers to Economic Opportunity in the United States.’” In Additional Materials. RSF: The Russell Sage Journal of the Social Sciences, volume 2, issue 2. Available at: http://www.rsfjournal.org.
  59. ↵
    1. Fleurbaey, Marc, and
    2. Vito Peragine
    . 2013. “Ex Ante Versus Ex Post Equality of Opportunity.” Economica vol. 80(317): 118–30.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  60. ↵
    Fox, Mary Anne, Brooke A. Connolly, and Thomas D. Snyder. 2005. Youth Indicators 2005: Trends in the Well-Being of American Youth. NCES 2005–050. Washington: U.S. Department of Education.
  61. ↵
    1. Garces, Eliana,
    2. Duncan Thomas, , and
    3. Janet Currie
    . 2002. “Longer-Term Effects of Head Start.” American Economic Review 92(4): 999–1012.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  62. ↵
    Goodman, Joshua. 2008. “Skills, Schools, and Credit Constraints: Evidence from Massachusetts.” Department of Economics discussion paper series no. 0809–03. New York: Columbia University.
  63. ↵
    Graham, Bryan, and Patrick Sharkey. 2013. “Mobility and the Metropolis: The Relationship between Inequality in Urban Communities and Economic Mobility.” Washington, D.C.: The Pew Charitable Trusts.
  64. ↵
    1. Holzer, Harry J
    . 1988. “Search Method Use by Unemployed Youth” Journal of Labor Economics 6(1): 1–20.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  65. ↵
    1. Hoxby, Caroline M
    . 1998. “How Much Does Spending Depend on Family Income? The Historical Origins of the Current School Finance Dilemma.” Papers and Proceedings of the American Economic Association 88(2): 309–14.
    OpenUrl
  66. ↵
    1. Hoxby, Caroline M
    . 2001. “All School Finance Equalizations Are Not Created Equal.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (November): 1189–231.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  67. ↵
    Hoxby, Caroline M., and Christopher Avery. 2013. “‘The Missing “One-Offs’: The Hidden Supply of High-Achieving, Low Income Students.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (Spring): 1–65.
  68. ↵
    Hoynes, Hilary W., Douglas L. Miller, and David Simon. 2012. “Income, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and Infant Health.” NBER working paper no. 18206. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  69. ↵
    Hsieh, Chang-Tai, Eric Hurst, Charles I. Jones, and Peter J. Klenow. 2013. “The Allocation of Talent and U.S. Economic Growth.” NBER working paper no. 18693. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  70. ↵
    1. Ionnides, Yannis M., and
    2. Linda Datcher Loury
    . 2004. “Job Information Networks, Neighborhood Effects, and Inequality.” Journal of Economic Literature 42(4): 1056–93.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  71. ↵
    Isen, Adam, Maya Rossin-Slater, and Reed Walker. 2014. “Every Breath You Take—Every Dollar You'll Make: The Long-Term Consequences of the Clean Air Act of 1970.” NBER working paper no. 19858. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  72. ↵
    Jackson, C. Kirabo, Rucker Johnson, and Claudia Persico. 2014. “The Effect of School Finance Reforms on the Distribution of Spending, Academic Achievement, and Adult Outcomes.” NBER working paper no. 20118. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  73. ↵
    Jacob, Brian A., and Tamara Wilder Linkow. 2011. “Educational Expectations and Attainment.” In Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances, edited by Greg J. Duncan and Richard J. Murnane. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  74. ↵
    Jäntti, Markus, and Stephen P. Jenkins. 2015. “Income Mobility.” In Handbook of Income Distribution, edited by Anthony B. Atkinson and François Bourguignon, vol. 2A. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier.
  75. ↵
    Kaushal, Neeraj, Katherine Magnuson, and Jane Waldfogel. 2011. “How Is Family Income Related to Investments in Children's Learning?” In Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances, edited by Greg J. Duncan and Richard J. Murnane. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  76. Kena, Grace., Susan Aud, Frank Johnson, Xiaolei Wang, Jujun Zhang, Amy Rathbun, Sidney Wilkinson-Flicker, and Paul Kristapovich. 2014. The Condition of Education 2014. NCES 2014–083. Washington: U.S. Department of Education.
  77. ↵
    1. Kenworthy, Lane
    . 2012. “It's Hard to Make It in America: How the United States Stopped Being the Land of Opportunity.” Foreign Affairs 91(6): 97–109.
    OpenUrl
  78. ↵
    Lane, Brett, and Phomdaen Souvanna. 2013. “Mass Math + Science Initiative 2013 High School Impact Study.” Boston, Mass.: Institute for Strategic Leadership and Learning.
  79. ↵
    Lareau, Annette, and Kimberly Goyette. 2014. Preface. In Choosing Homes, Choosing Schools. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  80. ↵
    1. Lee, Chul-In, and
    2. Gary Solon
    . 2009. “Trends in Intergenerational Income Mobility.” Review of Economics and Statistics 91(4): 766–72.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  81. ↵
    1. Levine, David E., and
    2. Bhashkar Mazumder
    . 2007. “The Growing Importance of Family: Evidence from Brothers’ Earnings.” Industrial Relations 46(1): 7–21.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  82. ↵
    1. Marrero, Gustavo A., and
    2. Juan G. Rodriguez
    . 2013. “Inequality of Opportunity and Growth.” Journal of Development Economics 104 (September): 107–22.
    OpenUrl
  83. ↵
    Mazumder, Bhashkar. 2011. “Black-White Differences in Intergenerational Economic Mobility in the United States.” Working paper no. 2011-10. Chicago: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
  84. ↵
    1. Milanovic, Branko
    . 2015. “Global Inequality of Opportunity: How Much of Our Income Is Determined by Where We Live?” Review of Economics and Statistics 97(2): 452–60.
    OpenUrl
  85. ↵
    Mitnik, Pablo A., Erin Cumberworth, and David B. Grusky. 2013. “Social Mobility in a High Inequality Regime.” Stanford Center for the Study of Poverty and Inequality. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University.
  86. ↵
    1. Palardy, Gregory J
    . 2013. “High School Socioeconomic Segregation and Student Attainment.” American Education Research Journal 50(4): 714–54.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  87. ↵
    Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  88. ↵
    Putnam, Robert D. 2015. Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  89. ↵
    Putnam, Robert D. 2016. “Social Networks and Geography: Comments on ‘How Does Geography Affect Equality of Opportunity.’” In Additional Materials. RSF: The Russell Sage Journal of the Social Sciences, volume 2, issue 2. Available at: http://www.rsfjournal.org.
  90. ↵
    Ramos, Xavier, and Dirk Van de Gaer. 2012. “Empirical Approaches to Inequality of Opportunity: Principles, Measures, and Evidence.” IZA discussion paper no. 6672. Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor.
  91. ↵
    Reardon, Sean F. 2011. “The Widening Academic Achievement Gap Between the Rich and the Poor: New Evidence and Possible Explanations.” In Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances, edited by Greg J. Duncan and Richard J. Murnane. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  92. ↵
    1. Roemer, John E
    . 1993. “A Pragmatic Theory of Responsibility for the Egalitarian Planner.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 22(2): 144–66.
    OpenUrl
  93. ↵
    Roemer, John E. 1998. Theories of Distributive Justice. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  94. Roemer, John E., and Alain Trannoy. Forthcoming. “Equality of Opportunity: Theory and Measurement.” Journal of Economic Literature.
  95. ↵
    Sacerdote, Bruce. 2011. “Peer Effects in Education: How Might They Work, How Big Are They and How Much Do We Know Thus Far?” In Handbook of the Economics of Education, vol. 3, edited by Eric A Hanushek, Stephen J. Machin, and Ludger Woessmann. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier.
    1. Sampson, Robert J.,
    2. Patrick Sharkey, , and
    3. Stephen Raudenbush
    . 2008. “Durable Effects of Concentrated Disadvantage on Verbal Ability Among African-American Children.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(3): 845–53.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  96. ↵
    Smeeding, Timothy M. 2013. “On the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Intergenerational Mobility.” GINI discussion paper no. 89. Madison: University of Wisconsin. Accessed April 7, 2016. http://gini-research.org/system/uploads/589/original/89.pdf?1385131374.
  97. ↵
    Solon, Gary. 1999. “Intergenerational Mobility in the Labor Market.” In Handbook of Labor Economics, edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier.
  98. ↵
    1. Solon, Gary
    . 2002. “Cross-Country Difference in Intergenerational Earnings Mobility.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 16(3): 59–66.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  99. ↵
    Solon, Gary. 2004. “A Model of Intergenerational Mobility Variation over Time and Place.” In Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe, edited by Miles Corak. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  100. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2014. “Regional Data: GDP and Personal Income,” tables CA1–3 (Personal income summary), CA4 (Personal income and employment summary), CA25 (Total full-time and part-time employment by SIC industry), and CA25N (Total full-time and part-time employment by NAICS industry). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. Accessed September 17, 2014. http://bea.gov/itable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=70&step=1#reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1.
  101. U.S. Census Bureau. 2014a. “Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2014.” Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. Accessed December 15, 2014. https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/inequality/Table%20IE-1.pdf.
  102. U.S. Census Bureau. 2014b. Census tract data accessed via Minnesota Population Center. National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 2.0. Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota. Accessed December 19, 2014. https://nhgis.org/.
  103. U.S. Census Bureau. 2014c. Data from decennial censuses accessed via Minnesota Population Center. National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 2.0. Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota. Accessed August 27, 2014. https://nhgis.org/.
  104. ↵
    U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division. 2010. “Fact Sheet #71: Internship Programs under the Fair Labor Standards Act.” Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. Accessed December 2, 2015. http://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfs71.pdf.
  105. ↵
    Urahn, Susan K., Erin Currier, Dana Elliott, Lauren Wechsler, Denise Wilson, and Daniel Colbert. 2012. Pursuing the American Dream: Economic Mobility Across Generations. Washington, D.C.: Pew Charitable Trusts.
  106. ↵
    Wilson, William Julius. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  107. ↵
    Winship, Scott, and Stephanie Owen. 2013. “Guide to the Brookings Social Genome Model.” Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 2 (2)
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
Vol. 2, Issue 2
1 May 2016
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Introduction: Inequality of Economic Opportunity
(Your Name) has sent you a message from RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
1 + 10 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
Introduction: Inequality of Economic Opportunity
Katharine Bradbury, Robert K. Triest
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences May 2016, 2 (2) 1-43; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2016.2.2.01

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Introduction: Inequality of Economic Opportunity
Katharine Bradbury, Robert K. Triest
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences May 2016, 2 (2) 1-43; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2016.2.2.01
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • CONCEPTS AND MEASURES OF INEQUALITY OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
    • KEY FACTS: INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY IN THE UNITED STATES
    • DYNAMICS: INEQUALITY OF OUTCOMES AND INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY
    • MECHANISMS
    • EARLY CHILDHOOD INFLUENCES ON MOBILITY AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
    • EDUCATION AND INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY
    • INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY IN THE LABOR MARKET
    • THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY IN INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY
    • THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
    • SUMMARY
    • Acknowledgments
    • APPENDIX
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Additional
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

© 2022 RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Powered by HighWire