Research Article
Open Access
Three Decades Since Making Ends Meet: How Single-Mother Families Survive Today
Elizabeth O. Ananat, Carolyn Y. Barnes, Sandra K. Danziger, Kathryn Edin
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences May 2026, 12 (2) 1-32; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2026.12.2.01
Elizabeth O. Ananat
aMallya Professor of Women and Economics, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York City, United States
Carolyn Y. Barnes
bAssociate professor, Crown School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
Sandra K. Danziger
cEdith A. Lewis Professor Emerita, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
Kathryn Edin
dWilliam Church Osborn Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, United States

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In this issue
Three Decades Since Making Ends Meet: How Single-Mother Families Survive Today
Elizabeth O. Ananat, Carolyn Y. Barnes, Sandra K. Danziger, Kathryn Edin
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences May 2026, 12 (2) 1-32; DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2026.12.2.01
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